POINAS

Question 1

Latissimus Dorsi (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 1

Wheelchair mobility (propelling a manual wheelchair forward), standing from sitting (pushing downward on the arms of a chair)

Question 2

Latissimus Dorsi (Main Actions)

Answer 2

Extend the shoulder (GHJ)
Adduct the shoulder (GHJ)
Internally (medially) rotate the shoulder (GHJ)
Raises body towards arm when climbing

Question 3

Latissimus Dorsi (Proximal Attachments)

Answer 3

(Inferior angle of scapula), Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic
vertebrae (T7-L5), thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inf 3 or 4 ribs

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi (Distal Attachments)

Answer 4

Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 5

Latissimus Dorsi (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 5

Thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7, and C8

Question 6

Trapezius (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 6

Reaching for an object overhead (UT, LT), rowing a kayak or canoe
(MT)

Question 7

Trapezius Upper Fibers (Main Actions)

Answer 7

Upper fibers: Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck
Unilaterally: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Elevate the scapula (ST joint)
Upwardly rotate the scapula (ST joint)
Middle fibers: Adduct the

Question 8

Trapezius Middle Fibers (Main Actions)

Answer 8

Middle fibers: Adduct the scapula (ST joint)
Stabilize the scapula (ST joint)

Question 9

Trapezius Lower Fibers (Main Actions)

Answer 9

Lower fibers: Depress the scapula (ST joint)
Upwardly rotate the scapula (ST joint)

Question 10

Trapezius (Proximal Attachments)

Answer 10

External occipital protuberance, medial 1/3rd of superior nuchal line of
the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and SP of C7 to T12

Question 11

Trapezius (Distal Attachments)

Answer 11

Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 12

Trapezius (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 12

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and ventral ramus C3 and C4 (pain and
proprioceptive fibers)

Question 13

Levator Scapulae (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 13

Shrugging the shoulders (nonverbal communication) or
carrying a briefcase, or carrying a backpack on one shoulder

Question 14

Levator Scapulae (Main
Actions)

Answer 14

Unilaterally:
Elevate the scapulae (ST joint)
Downwardly rotate the scapula (ST joint)

Question 15

Levator Scapulae (Proximal Attachments)

Answer 15

Posterior tubercles (transverse processes) of TP of C1 to C4

Question 16

Levator Scapulae (Distal Attachments)

Answer 16

Medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of
spine of scapula

Question 17

Levator Scapulae (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 17

Cervical C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

Question 18

Rhomboid Major and Minor (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 18

Reaching into a back pocket

Question 19

Rhomboid Major and Minor (Main Actions)

Answer 19

Adduct/retract the scapula (ST joint)
Downwardly rotate the scapula (ST joint)
Fix scapula to thoracic wall (ST joint)

Question 20

Rhomboid Major and Minor (Proximal Attachments)

Answer 20

Major: SP of T2 to T5
Minor: Nuchal ligament; SP of C7 to T1

Question 21

Rhomboid Major and Minor (Distal Attachments)

Answer 21

Major: medial border of the scapula between the spine of the
scapula and inferior angle
Minor: medial border of the scapular spine

Question 22

Rhomboid Major and Minor (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 22

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)