poetry Flashcards
poetry genres
epics, elegies, lyrics, sonnets, odes and hymns
main formal features of poetry
meter, rhyme schemes, stanzas, poetic form
sonnet
one stanza, iambic pentameter, 14 lines, ababcdcdefefgg
couplet
one line immediately follows another line and rhymes with it and shares the same meter
haiku
focuses ona brief moment in time and a sense of sudden illumination or enlightenment
how many syllables in a haiku
17 (5,7,5)
traditional examples of haiku
matsuo basho: an old pond
a frog jumpsin
the sound of water
stanzas
verses arranged rhythmically
types of stanzas
couplet, triplet, quatrain, sonnet
triplet
three line stanza
quatrain
four line stanza
feet
basic unit of measurement in poetry that follow patterns of stress or emphasis
iams
one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable
trochee
a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable
anapest
two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable
dactyle
one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
spondee
two stressed syllables
meter
pattern of poetic stresses
rhythm
the sound patterns that result from the meter
scansion
analyzing the elmets of the lines, rhythm, and meter
denotation
literal meaning
connotation
the meaning it’s usage in he poem might suggest
alliteration
two or more words in a line begin with a similar-sounding syllable
analogy
comparing one thing to another
apostrophe
addressing a gone, dead, or inhuman thing as alive an dpresent
hyperbole
grossly over-exaggerating something for dramatic effect
irony
when something in a text produces an effect that doesn’t align with its stanted intent (verbal or dramatci
onomatopoeia
when words are use d to convey a certain sound
pathetic fallacy
when a narrator of a poem believes that the ourside world, especially nature, is mimicking his internal state
synechdoche
using a part of something to refer to the whole (all hands on deck)
ballad
short, song-like, quatrain, iambic, usually 8 or 6 syllables, narrative, has a refrain
bucolic/pastoral
middle aged; focuses on pastoral life, lots of shepherds and hseep
doggerel
light humorous usually bawdy
elegy
in dedication to something that has passed
epic poetry
epic, gigantic, world-spanning action
narrative poem
tells a story
meaning of poetry
content + form (the message it gives to the reader)
what does the content of a poem refer to
it’s language
elements that create a poem’s content
topic, subject matter, and theme, tone, wor choices, word order, figurative language, and imagery
poetic form refers to
a poem’s physical structure; what it looks like and how it sounds
elements that creat a poem’s form
type, stanza structure, line lengths, rhyme scheme, and rhythm
poetic devices
tools that a poet can use to create rhythm, enhance a poem’s meaning, or intensify a mood or feeling
devices that enhance rhythm
rhyme, repetition, stress or non-stressed syllables such as anapest and dactyl
anapest
two unaccented syllables with an accented one right after
dactyl
stressed syllable followed by two unstressed ones
devices that enhance meaning
simile, metaphor, symbols, imagery
devices that enhance mood
onomatopoeia, personification, hyperbole, alliteration, assonance, consonance and caesura
caesura
a clearly defined pause
enjambment
starting a sentence phrase on one line and ending it on the next
stanza enjambment
starting a sentence phrase in one stanza and ending it in the next
terza rima
uses a chain-like rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc
ballad stanza rhyme scheme
abxb
common meter
sing along to Gilligan’s island theme song
sestet
six lines
sestina
39 line poem made of six sestest and one tercet. no rhyme or meter; repetition of the last wrods of the first six lines
teleutons
last words of first six lines of sestina
octave
eight lines
ottava rima rhyme scheem
abababcc; sestet followed by a rhyming couplet
example of an ottava rima
lord Byron’s comic poem don juan
parallelism
using similar grammatical constructions and repetition of sounds and images
who brought attention and popularity to free verse
walt whitman
concrete poetry
form of verse in which words or lines are arranged to create a physical imaage
when did ballad become popular form
romantic period
famous ballad
the rme of the ancient mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
how did ballads begin
as folk songs
Edmund spenser
engligh poet 1552-1599- the faerie queen,
amoretti sonnets
“little love poems” written by Edmund spenser to woo his wife Elizabeth . between 89-100
Petrarchan sonnets
14 lines and two parts
octave and sestet never ending in a couplet
