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ENGLISH praxis > literary skills > Flashcards

literary skills Flashcards

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1
Q

types of figurative language

A

simile, metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia, alliteration, hyperbole

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2
Q

extended metaphor

A

a metaphor written large and lengthy to make an even deeper, more involved comparison between the subject and the thing it’s being compared with

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3
Q

what poet was a great lover of extended metaphors

A

Emily dickinson

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4
Q

satire

A

use of sarcasm, irony, humor, and ridicule to criticize or mock the foolish behavior of others to bring attention to aparticular subject and promote change

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5
Q

Horatian satire

A

clever and humorous and generally mocks others; not negative

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6
Q

types of satire in literature

A

Horatian and juvenalian

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7
Q

Juvenalian satire

A

shows anger and resentfulness; it can be personal and it’s goal is to provoke change

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8
Q

example of Horatian satire

A

pride and prejudice: ignorance of view of marriage and relationships

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9
Q

example of Juvenalian satire

A

William golding’s lord of the flies: mocks societ structure power and civilization around WWII time of destruction, despair,a nd death

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10
Q

euphamism

A

alternate, inoffensive ways of saying something that might be considered improper or even taboo

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11
Q

print features in informational texts

A

guides: table of contents, preface, index, glossary

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12
Q

organization aids in information texts

A

help reader find important information: change in font, headings and subheadings, lists

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13
Q

types of media

A

visual, auditory, print, artistic, broadcast digital

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14
Q

print media

A

nearly always based on text; books or journals

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15
Q

artistic media

A

painting and sculptures

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16
Q

braodcast media

A

transmit information through various signal waves radio (auditory) tv (visual and auditory)

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17
Q

digital media

A

availabel through digital technologies, and are notable for the dramatic scope and range of information they contain.

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18
Q

metacognition

A

thinking about your thinking; being aware fo what you don’t know, understanding what you will need to know for a certain task an dhaving an idea of how to use your current skilsl to learn what you don’t know.

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19
Q

What are Noam Chomskys beliefs about language acquisition

A

that everyone has a universal grammar hard wired into their brains based on grammatical features shared among divverse language

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20
Q

brocas area

A

seems to be involved in production

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21
Q

wernicke’s area

A

understanding

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22
Q

phonemes

A

each language has its own vowel and consonant sounds, not all of which exist in English

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23
Q

Chomsky’s linguistic theory

A

we are born with an innate ability to learn language, adn with little guidance, children will naturally learn language

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24
Q

critical period hypothesis

A

we have a time frame for learning new language, and once that itme is over, language acquisition becomes much more difficult

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25
Q

linguistics

A

the scientfiic study of human language

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26
Q

two major theoretical perspectives of language development

A

social-integrationist approaches adn thsoe that offer a nativist approach

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27
Q

who was the nativist theory developed by

A

Noam Chomsky

28
Q

nativist approach to language

A

views language as bioloigical and instictive to a newborn and all children have a language acquisition devise

29
Q

interactionist approach to language acquisiton

A

children learn language through interaction and social experiences

30
Q

foru major components of language

A

phonology, semantics, grammatical development, and pragmatics

31
Q

phonology

A

the structur and sequence fo speech sounds

32
Q

semantics

A

vocabulary adn how concepts are expressed through words

33
Q

grammatical development

A

syntax and morphology

34
Q

syntax

A

rules by which wrods are arranged into sentences

35
Q

morphology

A

the use of grammatical markers to indicate tense, active or passive voice

36
Q

pragmatics

A

the rules for appropriate and effective communications: using language for greeting,demanding etc, changing language for talking differently dependin on who it is you are talking to, following rules, such as turn taking and staying on topci

37
Q

three main types of appeal in essay writing

A

ethos, logos,and pathos

38
Q

ethos

A

“character” and refers ot the trustworthiness or credibility of the author. your own character and what you bring to the topic as an individual

39
Q

logos

A

“word”
using logic adn reasoning as your appea
lthe words we use
the clarity of the message itself
the credible arguments used and the supporting evidence on which our arguments are built
must be a logical and reasoned argument for the audience you are addressing

40
Q

pathos

A

“suffering or experience”
appelas to the reader’s emotions
utilizing story, sensory-based details and vivid language
brings human experiences into the argument

41
Q

while logos touches the _____, pathos touches the _____

A

mind, heart

42
Q

rhetoric

A

the art of effective speaking or writing that creatively asserts a point of view, imaginatively expresses important ideas, helps readers remember key points, and atetmpts to shift reader’s perspectives

43
Q

concepts to keep in mind as you master rhetorical skills

A

purpose, audience, tone

44
Q

rhetoric of sound

A

alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia

45
Q

rhetoric of words

A

anaphora and epistrophe

46
Q

anaphora

A

repeat a word or set of wrods at the beginning of sentences or lines

47
Q

epistrophe

A

repeating a word or set of words at the end fo sentences or lines

48
Q

rhetoric of sentences

A

aposiopesis, chiasmus, inversion

49
Q

aposiopesis

A

deliverately leaving a sentence unfinished to startle the reader and express a strong emotion

50
Q

chiasmus

A

writer splits his or her sentence into two parts: “JFK ask not what your country can do for youbut what you can do for your country

51
Q

inversion

A

make the reader sit up and take notice. an unusal word order that stresses some more important phrase or point

52
Q

rhetoric figures of speech

A

hyperbole, metaphors, similes, personification, rhetorical questions, a paradox, irony

53
Q

rhetorical questions

A

readers already know the answers to the questions

54
Q

paradox

A

when writer uses words that seem to contradict themselves but actually express a deep meaning

55
Q

deductive reasoning

A

entails starting with a generalization and moving to specific details

56
Q

inductive reasoning

A

involves starting with specific details and moving to a larger concluding point or generalization

57
Q

logical fallicy

A

misconception or false assumption made in reasoning

58
Q

distracting fallaces

A

wil use another argument or form of reasoning to simply distract the audience from the truth
red herring, ad hominem, appeal to tradition, straw man

59
Q

red herring fallacy

A

argument that is used as a distraction to the main issue

60
Q

ad hominem fallacy

A

attacking the speaker or organization, rather than the argument itself

61
Q

appeal to tradition fallacy

A

an argument that is used because the solution or action has occurred previously and is expected to continue

62
Q

straw man fallacy

A

a popular fallacy where the arguer manipulates an opponents argument in order to make the argument look as if it is weak and easy to beat

63
Q

conditional fallacies

A

have certain conditions or are the result of certain conditions in the argument
band wagon, false dilemma, slippery slope, burden of proof

64
Q

bandwagon fallacy

A

the popularity of an action is the basis for the argument

65
Q

false dilemma fallacy

A

two sollutions are pitted against one another, forcing the listener to choose between two options.

66
Q

slippery slope fallacy

A

the disadvantage is the result of several consequences of the original argument

67
Q

burden of proof

A

fallacy that occurs when the arguer shifts the burden of proof to the opponent, requiring the other to disprove the argument to beat it

ENGLISH praxis (5 decks)

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