Poetry (25%) Flashcards
Petrarchan Sonnet:
-italian sonnet
-line numbers: 14
-Stanza structure: 1 octave (quatrain +
quatrain)
1 sestet (tercet+ tercet)
-Metre: Iambic pentameter
-Rhyme scheme: ABBAABBA CDECDE
-Volta: Yes
Spenserian Sonnet:
-english sonnet
-line numbers: 14
- Stanza structure: 3 quatrains
1 couplet
-Metre: Iambic Pentameter
-Rhyme scheme: ABAB BCBC CDCD EE
-Volta: yes
What is an iambic pentameter?
It is the typical meter that is used in sonnets and is one of the key ways to spot this form. Iambic pentameter occurs when there are five metrical feet (or iambs) in each line. An iamb will consist of one unstressed syllable, followed by one stressed syllable.
Shakespearean sonnet:
-english sonnet
-line numbers: 14
- Stanza structure: 3 quatrains
1 couplet
-Metre: Iambic pantameter
-Rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
-Volta: yes
What are Tropes?
A trope involves a change in meaning (Gr. “turn,”
“conversions”), so that words or phrases are used
in a way that effects a conspicuous change in
what we take to be their standard meaning.
-(Gr. ‘to turn’):
* semantic devices
* literal vs. figurative language
What are Figures of Speech?
Figures of speech, or ‘rhetorical figures’, are
words or phrases in which the departure from
standard usage is not primarily in the meaning of
the words, but in the order or syntactical pattern of
the words. Figures of speech can be described
according to the level on which they occur and the
specific kind of operation they use.
-* syntactic devices
* rearrange the normal order of words
(without change of meaning)
Hyperbole
the use of exaggeration for the purpose of
emphasis
example: I sought fit word to paint THE BLACKEST FACE OF WOE
Metonymy/synecdoche
the literal term for one thing is substituted with one which it has become closely associated with because of
a recurrent relationship in common experience (spatial,
temporal, causal relationships of contiguity)
example: ALL HANDS ON DECK, ER GRIFF ZUR KLINGE
Metaphor
changing a word from its literal meaning to one not properly applicable
but analogous to it; asserting of identity rather than, as with
simile, likeness
example: MY LOVE IS A ROSE,
to see if thence would flow
Some fresh and fruitful showers upon my sunburned brain.
Tenor
the underlying idea or
principal subject
example: ALL THE WORLD’S a stage,
AND ALL THE MEN AND WOMEN merely players
Vehicle
the object describing the
tenor
example:All the world’s A STAGE,
And all the men and women merely PLAYERS.
Personification
the representation of a thing or abstract idea as a (human) person
example: But words came halting forth, wanting INVENTION’S stay;
INVENTION, NATURE’S CHILD, FLED STEPDAME STUDY’S BLOWS
Figura etymologica
use of different words stemming from
the same etymological root
example: LOVING in truth, and fain in verse my LOVE to show
reading might make her KNOW, / KNOWLEDGE might pity win
Climax/gradatio
Mounting by degrees through linked words or phrases, usually of increasing weight and in parallel construction
example: That she, dear she, might take some PLEASURE of my pain,–
PLEASURE might cause her READ, READING might make her KNOW,
KNOWLEDGE might PITY win, and PITY grace obtain,–
Antithesis
conjoining contrasting ideas
example: Speech is silver, but
silence is gold
Alliteration
repetition of the same sound at the beginning of several words in a sequence
example: Some Fresh and Fruitful showers upon my sunburned brain
Consonance
resemblance of stressed consonant-sounds
where the associated vowels differ
Assonance
identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighbouring words
Paronomasia
play upon the sounds and (multiple)
meanings of words
example: And others’ FEET still seemed but strangers in my way
Parallelism
several phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure
example: Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite
