Poetry

Question 1

form

Answer 1

refers to a poem’s structure or the way the words appear on the page

Ex: concrete, iambic, ode

Question 2

a line

Answer 2

a basic structural component of a poem

lines can be written in free form, in syllabic form (e.g. haiku) or in metrical form

Question 3

meter

Answer 3

the syllables you count

metrical lines can vary in length from the monometer to the octameter

regular pattern of rhythm

iambs, trochees, spondees, anapests, & dactyls

Question 4

a stanza

Answer 4

1+ lines tht make up the basic units of a poem - sep-ed from each other by spacing

stanza forms can be classified by the # of lines they employ e.g. couplet, triplet, quatrain

Question 5

couplet

Answer 5

a stanza comprising of 2 lines

Question 6

rhyme

Answer 6

the pattern of rhyming lines in a poem

usually referred to by using letters to idnicate which lines rhyme

Ex: abab indicates 4-line stanza in which the first & 3rd, and 2nd & 4th lines rhyme

Question 7

end rhyme

Answer 7

a rhyme tht occurs in the last syllables of verses

end of line

Question 8

internal rhyme

Answer 8

rhyme tht occurs w/in the line

Question 9

sonnet

Answer 9

14 line poem

usually iambic pentamters consisting of an octave(8 lines) & a sextet(6 lines); octave presetns & develops the theme while the sextet reflects & brings the poem to a conclusion

Question 10

Italian or Petrarchan sonnet

Answer 10

a-b-b-a, a-b-b-a, c-d-e, c-d-e

the sonnet was originated by the Italian poet Guittone of Arezza & then popularized by Petrarch (1304-74).

the term sonnet derives from Italian for “little song”

Question 11

Shakespearean or English sonnet

Answer 11

a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g

essentially consists of 3 quatrians & a final couplet & usually features a break b/w the octave & the sextet

Question 12

free verse

Answer 12

verse w/out formal meter/rhyme patterns

instead relies upon the natural rhythms of everyday speech

diff from blank verse, which has a specific pattern

Question 13

scansion

Answer 13

marking stressed syllables / and unstressed syllables x

Question 14

a foot

Answer 14

one stressed syllable & 1/2 unstressed syllables

a lot of irregularities tho

each unit of rhythm

Each poem contains a certain # of ft of iabms, trochees, spondees, dactyls, or anapests.

1 = monometer

2 = dimeter

3 = trimeter

4 = tetrameter

5 = pentameter

6 = hexameter

7 = heptameter

8 = octameter

the # of syllables in a line varies therefore according to the meter

Question 15

iambic

Answer 15

x /

Ex: That time of year thou mayst in me behold (iambic pentameter)

Question 16

trochaic

Answer 16

/ x

Ex: Tell me not in mournful numbers (trochaic tetrameter)

Question 17

spondaic

Answer 17

/ /

Break, break, break/ On thy cold gray stones, O Sea! (irregular)

heartbreak

football

Question 18

anapestic

Answer 18

x x /

Ex: And the sound of a voice that is **still **(anapestic trimeter)

Question 19

dactylic

Answer 19

/ x x

This is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines and the hemlock (trochee replaces final dactyl, dactylic hexameter)

Question 20

figurative language

Answer 20

language that uses words beyond their literal meaning, often comparing 2 very diff things

Ex: The sun smiled kindly on us. (sun & kind person)

Question 21

simile

Answer 21

a comparison b/w 2 unlike things, using the word like or as

Ex: The clouds are like graywhales.

Question 22

metaphor

Answer 22

a comparison b/w 2 unlike things, not using the word like or as

Ex: The waves are glass mountains.

Question 23

personification

Answer 23

a desc. of an obj, an animal, a place, or an idea in human terms

Ex: “This poem has taken many victims.”

Question 24

hyperbole

Answer 24

an exaggeration for emphasis or human effect

“The hunger of this poem is legendary.”

Question 25

sound devices

Answer 25

ways of using the sounds of words to create special effects, such as through rhythm, rhyme, and repetition

Question 26

alliteration

Answer 26

repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words

Ex: smooth, slippery stones

not the letter but the sound

“Which circle slowly with a silken swish”

Question 27

assonance

Answer 27

repetition of vowel sounds in words that don’t end with the same consonant

Ex: wild night ride

“Words shy and dappled deep-eyed deer in herds”

Question 28

consonance

Answer 28

repetition of consonance sounds w/in & @ the end of words

ending of verbs & truly plural don’t count - must be intentional

“Whose nest is from the watered shoot”

Question 29

repetition

Answer 29

a sound, word, phrase, or line that is repeated for emphasis & unity

anaphora

“Back off from this poem

It has drawn in yr feet

Back off from this poem”

Question 30

speaker

Answer 30

the “voice” that the reader hears in a poem

similar to narrator

Question 31

onomatopoeia

Answer 31

words have sounds that echo their meaning

Ex: buzz, gargle

Question 32

haiku

Answer 32

a Japanese poem

17 syllables, in 3 lines of 5, 7, & 5

Question 33

telegraphic sentence

Answer 33

5 words/fewer

Question 34

tricolon

Answer 34

3 things in a row

Question 35

present participles

Answer 35

end in -ing

Ex: jumping, burning, speaking

Question 36

past participles

Answer 36

usually end in -ed, -t, or -en

Ex: jumped, burnt, spoken

Question 37

participles

Answer 37

verbs acting as adjectives

aren’t preceded by an auxiliary verb!

Question 38

participle phrases

Answer 38

participles can combine w/ other words into these

they act as adj’s

Ex: Rejected by all his friends, he decided to become a monk.

Question 39

infinitives & infinitive phrases

Answer 39

a verbal construction made up of the particle to and the base form of a verb, w/ or w/out modifiers & obj’s

can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

Ex: to be, to have, to command

Question 40

prepositions & prepositional phrases

Answer 40

a group of words made up of a prep, its obj, & any of the obj’s modifiers

can modify nouns, verbs, phrases, & complete clauses

can be embedded inside other prep phrases