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Principles of Disease > PoD Mock Exam Answers > Flashcards

PoD Mock Exam Answers Flashcards

1
Q

What type of gene is a Retinoblastoma gene?

A

Tumour Suppressor.

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2
Q

What type of tumour is leukaemia?

A

Malignant tumour of white blood cells.

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3
Q

What type of tumour is a liposarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of fatty tissue.

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4
Q

What type of tumour is an adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant tumour of glandular epithelium.

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5
Q

BRCA1 belongs to which class of gene?

A

Tumour suppressor gene.

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6
Q

Braf is a predictive biomarker of what type of tumour?

A

Melanoma.

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7
Q

What type of cancer commonly metastasises to the peritoneum?

A

Ovarian.

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8
Q

What is the commonest type of carcinoma in men in the UK?

A

Prostate.

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9
Q

Why is glyceryl trinitrate administered via the sublingual route?

A

To avoid first pass metabolism.

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10
Q

What is the type of drug trial in which neither doctor nor patient is aware of what treatment the patient is receiving?

A

Double blind trial.

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11
Q

What is the type of drug trial in which data is collected from case records after the treatment is given?

A

Retrospective trial.

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12
Q

What is the type of drug trial in which patients take both treatments being tested one after the other?

A

Cross-over trial.

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13
Q

What is the type of drug trial in which patients are allotted to treatment groups using a random number generator?

A

Randomised trial.

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14
Q

Which antibiotic inhibits purine synthesis?

A

Trimethoprim.

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15
Q

Which antiviral agent is used to treat infection with HIV?

A

Saquinavir.

Antivirals’ names generally end in “vir”.

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16
Q

What type of microorganism is Treponema pallidum?

A

A spiroachaete.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of bacterial typing?

A

To identify bacterial strains.

18
Q

In a Gram stain, what colour are Gram positive bacteria?

A

Violet/Purple.

19
Q

What characterises fimbriae?

A

Involved in adhesion at epithelial surfaces.

20
Q

Should a student wash hands with alcohol gel when moving between patients even if they have not touched the first patient?

A

Yes.

21
Q

What is the consequence of mitosis?

A

Produces diploid cells from diploid cells.

22
Q

What is the frequency of heterozygotes for an autosomal gene with 2 alleles of equal frequency?

A

0.5

23
Q

What is the consequence of fertilisation?

A

Produces diploid cells from haploid cells.

24
Q

How is the X chromosome transmitted?

A

By fathers to daughters but not sons.

25
Q

During which cellular process is mRNA used to form an amino acid sequence?

A

Translation.

26
Q

What is the key pathogenic feature of of systemic Type III Hypersensitivity?

A

Immune complex formation.

27
Q

What cell type is the major component of the acute inflammatory response?

A

Neutrophil.

28
Q

What is the major role of fibroblasts?

A

Produce collagens.

29
Q

What is the main function of histamine?

A

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle in acute inflammation.

30
Q

What effect does hypoxia have on tissue healing?

A

Impairs tissue healing.

31
Q

Which drug is only used in treatment of UTI?

A

Nitrofurantoin.

32
Q

Serious infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) indicates treatment with intravenous…

A

Vancomycin.

33
Q

Name a mutation which does not result from an additional chromosome.

A

Turner’s Syndrome.

34
Q

“Failure of treatment” is a type of…

A

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR).

35
Q

What causes rubor and calor in acute inflammation?

A

Increased local blood flow.

36
Q

What drug should be used to treat an unknown gram negative bacteria?

A

Gentamicin.

37
Q

Which drug is the best choice for IV treatment of serious pneumococcal, meningococcal and Strep pyogenes infection, as well as most other Gram positive infections?

A

Benzylpenicillin.

38
Q

The pathogenesis of systemic Type I hypersensitivity requires…

A

IgE production.

39
Q

The pathogenesis of systemic Type IV hypersensitivity requires…

A

Gamma-interferon production.

40
Q

What is the function of serotonin?

A

Produces vasoconstriction in acute inflammation.

41
Q

What can be combatted with co-amoxiclav?

A

Beta-lactamase resistance.

42
Q

What is Ciprofloxacin?

A

A fluoroquinolone that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis.

Principles of Disease (14 decks)

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