POB chapter review #1 Flashcards
behavior
a muscle, glandular, or neuro-electrical activity
reinforcers
a stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows
behavior analysis
the study of the principles of behavior
baseline
the phase of an experiment or intervention where the behavior is measured in the absence of an intervention
reinforcement contingency
the response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response
aversive stimulus
a stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response, its removal follows
escape contingency
the response-contingent removal of an aversive stimulus resulting in an increased frequency of that respose
functional assessment
an assessment of the contingencies responsible for problem behaviors
punishment contingency
the response-contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
dependent variable
a measure of the subject’s behavior
independent variable
the variable the experimenter systematically manipulates to influence the dependent variable
social validity
the goals, procedure, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analys, and society
penalty contingency
the response-contingent removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
response-cost contingency
the response-contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
time-out contingency
the response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
law of effect
the effects of our actions determine whether we will repeat them
recovery from punishment
stopping the punishment or penalty contingency for a previously punished response causes the response frequency to increase to its frequency before the punishment or penalty contingency
spontaneous recovery
a temporary recovery of the extinguished behavior
to confound variables
to change or allow to change two or more independent variables at the same time so you cannot determine what variables are responsible for the change in the dependent variable
extinction
stopping the reinforcement or escape contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease
response topography
the sequence, form, or location of components of a response relative to the rest of the body
shaping with reinforcement
the differential reinforcement of only the behavior that more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior
terminal behavior
behavior not in the repertoire or not occurring at the desired frequency; the goal of the intervention
unlearned reinforcer
a s t i a r, t n a a r f p w a r
a stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result form pairing with another reinforcer
variable-outcome shaping
s t i a c i t v o t r o a c, a p m a m c r t t b
shaping that involves a change in the value of the reinforcer or aversive condition, as performance more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior
motivating operation
a p o c t a l a p w r t a p r o a s
a procedure or condition that affects learning and performance with respect to a particular reinforcer or aversive stimulus
premack principle
i o a o m o t a, t o t d t m f a w r t l f a
if one activity occurs more often than another, the opportunity to do the most frequent activity will reinforcer the less frequent activity
satiation
c a s a o a r d r l a p
consuming a substantial amount of a reinforcer decreases relevant learning and performance
learned reinforcer
(a s t i a r b i h b p w a r.)
a stimulus that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with another reinforcer.
aggression reinforcer
a r s r f a o a
a reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression
discriminative stimulus
a s i t p o w a p r w b r o p
a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished.
prompt
a s s t r t p o a c r.
a supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response.
deprivation
w a r i r l a p
withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance
the aggression principle
(a s a e a m o f a r)
aversive stimuli and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers
concept training
r o p a r i t p o o s a e i o a i t r i t p o a s.
reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another stimulus.
stimulus generalization
t b c i t p o o s a t f o t r i t p o a s.
the behavioral contingencies in the presence of one stimulus affect the frequency of the response in the presence of another stimulus.
stimulus class (a s o s, a o w h s c p p.)
a set of stimuli, all of which have some common physical property.
generalized learned reinforcer
a l r t i a r b i w p w a v o o r
a learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it was paired with a variety of other reinforcers
token economy
a s o g l r i w t o t r t g r c s t a e t f a v o b r l
a system of generalized learned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those general reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later
conceptual stimulus control
r o m o i t p o o s c a l o i t p o a s c b o c t.
responding occurs more often in the presence of one stimulus class and less often in the presence of another stimulus class because of concept training.
matching to sample
s a c s c t a s s.
selecting a comparison stimulus corresponding to a sample stimulus.
imitation
t f o t b o t i i c b s b o t m.
the form of the behavior of the imitator is controlled by similar behavior of the model.
generalized imitation
i o t r o a m w p r o i o t s r.
imitation of the response of a model without previous reinforcement of imitation of that specific response.
imitative reinforcers
s a f t m b t b o t i a t b o t m t f a r.
stimuli arising from the match between the behavior of the imitator and the behavior of the model that function as reinforcers.
avoidance contingency
the response-contingent prevention of an aversive condition resulting in an increased frequency of that response
warning stimulus
a stimulus that precedes an aversive condition and thus becomes a learned aversive stimulus
punishment-by-prevention-of-removal contingency
the response-contingent prevention of removal of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
punishment-by-prevention-of-a-reinforcer contingency
the response-contingent prevention of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
intermittent reinforcement
reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in awhile
fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
a reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses
variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement
a reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses
fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
a reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a fixed interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement
fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
a reinforcer is delivered after the passage of a fixed period of time, independent of the response
superstitious behavior
behaving as if the response causes some specific outcome, when it really does not
variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
a reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a variable interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement
resistance to extinction
the number of responses or the amount of time before a response extinguishes
resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
intermittent reinforcement makes the response more resistant to extinction than does continuous reinforcement
fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
a reinforcer is delivered after the passage of a fixed period of time, independent of the response
variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
a reinforcer is contingent on the first response of a variable interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement
superstitious behavior
behaving as if the response causes some specific outcome, when it really does not
concurrent contingencies
more than one contingency of reinforcement or punishment is available at the same time
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
reinforcement is contingent on a behavior that is incompatible with another behavior
behavioral chain
a sequence of stimuli and responses. each response produces a stimulus that reinforces that preceding response and is an sD or operandum for the following response
DRL
reinforcement for each response following the preceding response by at least some minimum delay
