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PSY 1400 > POB chapter review #1 > Flashcards

POB chapter review #1 Flashcards

1
Q

behavior

A

a muscle, glandular, or neuro-electrical activity

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2
Q

reinforcers

A

a stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows

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3
Q

behavior analysis

A

the study of the principles of behavior

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4
Q

baseline

A

the phase of an experiment or intervention where the behavior is measured in the absence of an intervention

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5
Q

reinforcement contingency

A

the response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response

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6
Q

aversive stimulus

A

a stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response, its removal follows

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7
Q

escape contingency

A

the response-contingent removal of an aversive stimulus resulting in an increased frequency of that respose

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8
Q

functional assessment

A

an assessment of the contingencies responsible for problem behaviors

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9
Q

punishment contingency

A

the response-contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

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10
Q

dependent variable

A

a measure of the subject’s behavior

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11
Q

independent variable

A

the variable the experimenter systematically manipulates to influence the dependent variable

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12
Q

social validity

A

the goals, procedure, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analys, and society

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13
Q

penalty contingency

A

the response-contingent removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

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14
Q

response-cost contingency

A

the response-contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

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15
Q

time-out contingency

A

the response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

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16
Q

law of effect

A

the effects of our actions determine whether we will repeat them

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17
Q

recovery from punishment

A

stopping the punishment or penalty contingency for a previously punished response causes the response frequency to increase to its frequency before the punishment or penalty contingency

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18
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

a temporary recovery of the extinguished behavior

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19
Q

to confound variables

A

to change or allow to change two or more independent variables at the same time so you cannot determine what variables are responsible for the change in the dependent variable

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20
Q

extinction

A

stopping the reinforcement or escape contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease

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21
Q

response topography

A

the sequence, form, or location of components of a response relative to the rest of the body

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22
Q

shaping with reinforcement

A

the differential reinforcement of only the behavior that more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior

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23
Q

terminal behavior

A

behavior not in the repertoire or not occurring at the desired frequency; the goal of the intervention

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24
Q

unlearned reinforcer

a s t i a r, t n a a r f p w a r

A

a stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result form pairing with another reinforcer

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25
Q

variable-outcome shaping

s t i a c i t v o t r o a c, a p m a m c r t t b

A

shaping that involves a change in the value of the reinforcer or aversive condition, as performance more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior

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26
Q

motivating operation

a p o c t a l a p w r t a p r o a s

A

a procedure or condition that affects learning and performance with respect to a particular reinforcer or aversive stimulus

27
Q

premack principle

i o a o m o t a, t o t d t m f a w r t l f a

A

if one activity occurs more often than another, the opportunity to do the most frequent activity will reinforcer the less frequent activity

28
Q

satiation

c a s a o a r d r l a p

A

consuming a substantial amount of a reinforcer decreases relevant learning and performance

29
Q

learned reinforcer

(a s t i a r b i h b p w a r.)

A

a stimulus that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with another reinforcer.

30
Q

aggression reinforcer

a r s r f a o a

A

a reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression

31
Q

discriminative stimulus

a s i t p o w a p r w b r o p

A

a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished.

32
Q

prompt

a s s t r t p o a c r.

A

a supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response.

33
Q

deprivation

w a r i r l a p

A

withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance

34
Q

the aggression principle

(a s a e a m o f a r)

A

aversive stimuli and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers

35
Q

concept training

r o p a r i t p o o s a e i o a i t r i t p o a s.

A

reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another stimulus.

36
Q

stimulus generalization

t b c i t p o o s a t f o t r i t p o a s.

A

the behavioral contingencies in the presence of one stimulus affect the frequency of the response in the presence of another stimulus.

37
Q 
stimulus class 
(a s o s, a o w h s c p p.)
A

a set of stimuli, all of which have some common physical property.

38
Q

generalized learned reinforcer

a l r t i a r b i w p w a v o o r

A

a learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it was paired with a variety of other reinforcers

39
Q

token economy

a s o g l r i w t o t r t g r c s t a e t f a v o b r l

A

a system of generalized learned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those general reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later

40
Q

conceptual stimulus control

r o m o i t p o o s c a l o i t p o a s c b o c t.

A

responding occurs more often in the presence of one stimulus class and less often in the presence of another stimulus class because of concept training.

41
Q

matching to sample

s a c s c t a s s.

A

selecting a comparison stimulus corresponding to a sample stimulus.

42
Q

imitation

t f o t b o t i i c b s b o t m.

A

the form of the behavior of the imitator is controlled by similar behavior of the model.

43
Q

generalized imitation

i o t r o a m w p r o i o t s r.

A

imitation of the response of a model without previous reinforcement of imitation of that specific response.

44
Q

imitative reinforcers

s a f t m b t b o t i a t b o t m t f a r.

A

stimuli arising from the match between the behavior of the imitator and the behavior of the model that function as reinforcers.

45
Q

avoidance contingency

A

the response-contingent prevention of an aversive condition resulting in an increased frequency of that response

46
Q

warning stimulus

A

a stimulus that precedes an aversive condition and thus becomes a learned aversive stimulus

47
Q

punishment-by-prevention-of-removal contingency

A

the response-contingent prevention of removal of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

48
Q

punishment-by-prevention-of-a-reinforcer contingency

A

the response-contingent prevention of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

49
Q

intermittent reinforcement

A

reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in awhile

50
Q

fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement

A

a reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses

51
Q

variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

A

a reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses

52
Q

fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement

A

a reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a fixed interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement

53
Q

fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery

A

a reinforcer is delivered after the passage of a fixed period of time, independent of the response

54
Q

superstitious behavior

A

behaving as if the response causes some specific outcome, when it really does not

55
Q

variable-interval schedule of reinforcement

A

a reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a variable interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement

56
Q

resistance to extinction

A

the number of responses or the amount of time before a response extinguishes

57
Q

resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement

A

intermittent reinforcement makes the response more resistant to extinction than does continuous reinforcement

58
Q

fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery

A

a reinforcer is delivered after the passage of a fixed period of time, independent of the response

59
Q

variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement

A

a reinforcer is contingent on the first response of a variable interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement

60
Q

superstitious behavior

A

behaving as if the response causes some specific outcome, when it really does not

61
Q

concurrent contingencies

A

more than one contingency of reinforcement or punishment is available at the same time

62
Q

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

A

reinforcement is contingent on a behavior that is incompatible with another behavior

63
Q

behavioral chain

A

a sequence of stimuli and responses. each response produces a stimulus that reinforces that preceding response and is an sD or operandum for the following response

64
Q

DRL

A

reinforcement for each response following the preceding response by at least some minimum delay

PSY 1400 (16 decks)

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