PNS content

Question 1

Ways drugs affect the CNS

Answer 1

synthesis
storage
release
binding
prevent the normal destruction and uptake

Question 2

acetylcholine

Answer 2

parasympathetic receptors and muscarinic receptors on sweat glands in sympathetic

Question 3

norepinephrine

Answer 3

sympathetic receptors

Question 4

epinephrine

Answer 4

from adrenal medulla. only one that activates beta 2 receptors.

Question 5

parasympathetic (cholinergic) receptors

Answer 5

muscarinic

nicotinic

Question 6

sympathetic

Answer 6

alpha 1 and 2

beta 1 and 2

Question 7

dopamine

Answer 7

classified as adrenergic

responses only to dopamine.. mostly works in CNS

Question 8

nicotinic receptors/ response

Answer 8

nicotinic(n)- release of epi from adrenal medulla

nicotinic (m)- contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 9

muscarinic

Answer 9

increased glandular secretions
contraction of smooth muscle
slowing of HR
contraction of sphincter muscle of iris
contraction ciliary muscle of eye
voiding of urinary bladder

Question 10

alpha-1

Answer 10

adrenergic receptors

eyes, BLOOD VESSELS, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, and bladder

Question 11

alpha-2

Answer 11

adrenergic receptor
located in nerve terminals and not on organs
regulates transmitter release

Question 12

beta-1

Answer 12

adrenergic receptor
heart and kidney
increase HR, increase force of contraction, increased velocity of impulse through AV node
Kidney: increase renin –> angiotensin –> vasoconstriction

Question 13

beta-2

Answer 13

adrenergic receptor

LUNGS bronchodilate, uterus relaxation, blood vessels vasodilate, promote glycogenolysis

Question 14

dopamine

Answer 14

dilates renal blood flow and increases perfusion

Question 15

prototype or parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 15

Bethanechol (urecholine)

Question 16

bethanechol (urecholine)

Answer 16

stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the GI and urinary system.
give 1 hr before meals

Question 17

SE of bethanechol

Answer 17

abd discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, salivation, vomiting, flushing, sweating, hypotension, brady

Question 18

prototype of anticholinergic/muscarinic antagonist

Answer 18

atropine

Question 19

atropine

Answer 19

blocks PNS actions of ach and induces symptoms of fight or flight

Question 20

uses of atropine

Answer 20

increase HR in brady, dilate pupils during eye exams (mydriasis), irritable bowel syndrome, suppress secretions during surgical procedures

Question 21

se of atropine

Answer 21

drowsiness, blurred vision, photophobia, increase intraocular pressure, tachy, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, anhidrosis

Question 22

od drug for atropine

Answer 22

physostigmine

Question 23

s/s of atropine OD

Answer 23

blockade of sweat glands– fever
blind as a bat– pupils unable to constrict in bright light
dry as a bone– salivary glands blocked
mad as a hatter– agitation and hallucinations

Question 24

catecholamine agents

Answer 24

can’t be used orally due to rapid degradtion
brief duration of action
cannot cross the BBB (polar molecules)

Question 25

noncatecholamine agents

Answer 25

longer half life and metabolized slower given orally crosses BBB

Question 26

prototype of adrenergic agonist

Answer 26

epinephrine

Question 27

epinepherine characteristics

Answer 27

activates alpha 1 & 2, beta 1 & 2. | therapeutic uses: cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, hemostasis, bronchodilation, vasoconstriction.

Question 28

AE of epinepherine

Answer 28

hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmias, angina, necrosis from extravasion, hyperglycemia

Question 29

prototype of adrenergic antagonists for alpha receptors specifically

Answer 29

prazosin (minipress)

Question 30

Prazosin (minipress) characteristics

Answer 30

used to decrease BP by working on the vascular smooth muscle in the arterioles and veins used to tx HTN also used for pts with urinary outflow problems from BPH

Question 31

SE of prazosin

Answer 31

first dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, weakness, headache, reflex tachy, nasal congestion

Question 32

prototype of adrenergic antagonist

Answer 32

propranolol (inderal LA)

Question 33

propanolol (inderal LA)

Answer 33

blocks both beta 1 & 2 | therapeutic uses: HTN, angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, MI

Question 34

SE of propanolol

Answer 34

brady, AV heart block, heart failure, rebound cardiac excitation, bronchoconstriction, inhibits glycogenolysis, CNS effects.