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NSG 323 > PNS content > Flashcards

PNS content Flashcards

1
Q

Ways drugs affect the CNS

A 
synthesis
storage
release
binding
prevent the normal destruction and uptake
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2
Q

acetylcholine

A

parasympathetic receptors and muscarinic receptors on sweat glands in sympathetic

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3
Q

norepinephrine

A

sympathetic receptors

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4
Q

epinephrine

A

from adrenal medulla. only one that activates beta 2 receptors.

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5
Q

parasympathetic (cholinergic) receptors

A

muscarinic

nicotinic

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6
Q

sympathetic

A

alpha 1 and 2

beta 1 and 2

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7
Q

dopamine

A

classified as adrenergic

responses only to dopamine.. mostly works in CNS

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8
Q

nicotinic receptors/ response

A

nicotinic(n)- release of epi from adrenal medulla

nicotinic (m)- contraction of skeletal muscle

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9
Q

muscarinic

A 
increased glandular secretions
contraction of smooth muscle
slowing of HR
contraction of sphincter muscle of iris
contraction ciliary muscle of eye
voiding of urinary bladder
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10
Q

alpha-1

A

adrenergic receptors

eyes, BLOOD VESSELS, male sex organs, prostatic capsule, and bladder

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11
Q

alpha-2

A

adrenergic receptor
located in nerve terminals and not on organs
regulates transmitter release

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12
Q

beta-1

A

adrenergic receptor
heart and kidney
increase HR, increase force of contraction, increased velocity of impulse through AV node
Kidney: increase renin –> angiotensin –> vasoconstriction

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13
Q

beta-2

A

adrenergic receptor

LUNGS bronchodilate, uterus relaxation, blood vessels vasodilate, promote glycogenolysis

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14
Q

dopamine

A

dilates renal blood flow and increases perfusion

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15
Q

prototype or parasympathetic stimulation

A

Bethanechol (urecholine)

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16
Q

bethanechol (urecholine)

A

stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the GI and urinary system.
give 1 hr before meals

17
Q

SE of bethanechol

A

abd discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, salivation, vomiting, flushing, sweating, hypotension, brady

18
Q

prototype of anticholinergic/muscarinic antagonist

A

atropine

19
Q

atropine

A

blocks PNS actions of ach and induces symptoms of fight or flight

20
Q

uses of atropine

A

increase HR in brady, dilate pupils during eye exams (mydriasis), irritable bowel syndrome, suppress secretions during surgical procedures

21
Q

se of atropine

A

drowsiness, blurred vision, photophobia, increase intraocular pressure, tachy, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, anhidrosis

22
Q

od drug for atropine

A

physostigmine

23
Q

s/s of atropine OD

A

blockade of sweat glands– fever
blind as a bat– pupils unable to constrict in bright light
dry as a bone– salivary glands blocked
mad as a hatter– agitation and hallucinations

24
Q

catecholamine agents

A

can’t be used orally due to rapid degradtion
brief duration of action
cannot cross the BBB (polar molecules)

25
Q

noncatecholamine agents

A

longer half life and metabolized slower
given orally
crosses BBB

26
Q

prototype of adrenergic agonist

A

epinephrine

27
Q

epinepherine characteristics

A

activates alpha 1 & 2, beta 1 & 2.

therapeutic uses: cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, hemostasis, bronchodilation, vasoconstriction.

28
Q

AE of epinepherine

A

hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmias, angina, necrosis from extravasion, hyperglycemia

29
Q

prototype of adrenergic antagonists for alpha receptors specifically

A

prazosin (minipress)

30
Q

Prazosin (minipress) characteristics

A

used to decrease BP by working on the vascular smooth muscle in the arterioles and veins
used to tx HTN
also used for pts with urinary outflow problems from BPH

31
Q

SE of prazosin

A

first dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, weakness, headache, reflex tachy, nasal congestion

32
Q

prototype of adrenergic antagonist

A

propranolol (inderal LA)

33
Q

propanolol (inderal LA)

A

blocks both beta 1 & 2

therapeutic uses: HTN, angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, MI

34
Q

SE of propanolol

A

brady, AV heart block, heart failure, rebound cardiac excitation, bronchoconstriction, inhibits glycogenolysis, CNS effects.

NSG 323 (12 decks)

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