Oxygenation Flashcards by Emily Neas

Types of Bronchodilators

beta-2 agonists
anticholinergics
methylxanthines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

types of anti-inflammatory drugs r/t oxygenation

glucocorticoids
leukotriene modifiers
mast cell stabilizers
monoclonal antibodies
phosphodiesterase inhibitors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

beta-2 agonists MOA

act by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle which results in dilation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SABA characteristics

onset is immediate
via nebulizer often
for acute asthma attacks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SABA prototype

Albuterol (Proventil HFA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LABA characteristics

prevention, maintenance.
never used as a monotherapy. instead used with a glucocorticoid.
NOT PRN, but scheduled.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LABA prototype

Salmeterol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SE of beta-2 agonists

tachy, tremors, palpitations, angina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anticholinergics r/t oxygenation

blocks the PNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anticholinergics prototype

Ipratropium (atrovent). typically ordered with albuterol, additive effect.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ipratropium characteristics

onset is in 30 secs, peaks in 3 mins, 1/2 of 6 hrs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SE of ipratropium

dry mouth, irritation of pharynx. contraindicated in pt. with a peanut allergy and with glaucoma.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Methylxanthines characteristics

not really used anymore. hard to take. narrow safety margin. chemically related to caffeine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Methylxanthines prototype

theophylline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Theophylline characteristics

oral admin, therapeutic levels 10-20 mcg/mL, NO SMOKING. 1/2 life varies, 2-15 hrs. D-D interactions!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

aminophylline (somophyllin) admin

slowwww IV administration.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glucocorticoids (r/t oxygenation)

suppress inflammation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glucocorticoid prototype

beclomethasone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

inhaled glucocorticoids

used as a daily prevention
little to no systemic effects
may take 1-4 wks to reach full effects
SE: adrenal suppression, candidiasis, dysphonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

oral/IV glucocorticoids

acute bronchoconstriction
prednisone (oral)
methylpredisone (solumedrol)– IV
transition from oral to IV can be tricky! may have to take both for a little while.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute asthma and glucocorticoids

high dose solumedrol for several days with or without oral therapy at home.

Leukotrienes

important in the inflammatory response resulting in edema, inflammation and bronchoconstrictions.

Leukotriene modifiers prototype

Montelukast (singulair)

ex: zafirloblast (accolate), zileuton (zyflo)

Singulair (montelukast) characteristics

PO daily
used for prophylaxis of chronic asthma
NOT effective for acute attacks
maximal effects develop within 24 hrs of 1st dose
SE: neuropysch effects (depression and suicide)

Mast Cell Inhibitors MOA

inhibits mast cells from releasing histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation. prevention by decreasing inflammation.

Mast cell inhibitors prototype

cromolyn (intal).

Cromolyn characteristics

rebound bronchospasm if stopped abruptly. admin by nebulizer. SE: cough and broncospasm

Monoclonal antibodies prototype

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Omalizumab characteristics

binds to IgE in the body for severe persistent asthma injected subq 2-4 weeks

Omalizumab SE

viral infections, URI, sinusitis, headache, injection site response. serious: Anaphylaxis

Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor MOA

blocks action of an enzyme that breaksdown cAMP resulting in decreased release of inflammatory mediators

PDE4 inhibitor prototype

Roflomilast

PDE4 indications

severe COPD with chronic bronchitis

SE of PDE4 inhibitors

loss of appetite, weight loss. | Serious: psych effects-- anxiety, depression, suicide

Preventers of Allergic Rhinitis

Antihistamines Intranasal glucocorticoids Mast Cell stabilizers

Relievers of Allergic Rhinitis

oral and nasal decongestants

Antihistamines characteristics

1st line therapy for mild/med seasonal allergies | most effective when taken prophylactically

antihistamine prototype 1st gen

diphenhydramine. will cause sedation

antihistamine prototype 2nd gen

loratadine (claritin). not as much sedation.

intranasal glucocorticoids characteristics

most effective for seasonal allergies admined with a metered dose spray device action and SE: limited to nasal passages SE: burning/drying sensations, epistaxis

Intranasal glucocorticoids prototype

Fluticasone (Flonase)

decongestants

sympathomimetics. stimulate nervous system to relieve nasal congestion (alpha 1 agonist)

decongestant oral admin

slower onset of action | SE: HTN, CNS stimulation. should not be used in cardiac pts.

decongestant oral admin prototype

pseudoephedrine (sudafed). can make meth out of this. so use phenylephrine (Sudafed PE). not as effective

decongestant nasal admin

risk for rebound congestion. causes escalating congestion requiring more drug to get the same results. don't take more than 3-5 days

intranasal decongestant prototype

oxymetazoline (afrin)

Antitussive types

Opioid: codeine nonopioid: dextromethorphan (robutussin). most frequently used form

opioids used for coughs

1/10th of the level for pain mgmt | usually a combo drug

expectorants

increase bronchial secretions. stimulate flow of secretions prototype: guaifenesin

mucolytics

makes mucus more watery, more productive cough. prototype: acetylcyestine (mucomyst) also, 3% NS in a neb!