Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 1 > PNS and ANS > Flashcards

PNS and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Efferent

A

Motor neurons (to CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Somatic

A

Skin, muscle, and joints (away from CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Visceral

A

Lung, GI, Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Afferent neuron cell bodies are located

A

outside of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Efferent cell bodies are located

A

in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nociceptors respond to

A

Chemicals. Also known as chemoreceptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inflammatory reflex

A

inhibits cytokine synthesis through cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Negative feedback. Ex. heart attack sends proinflammatory cytokines to brain. Brain sends ACh to slow down HR and prevent further damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanoreceptors respond to

A

Pressure and Stretch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hering-Breurer Reflex (inflation reflex)

A

Stretch receptors in pleurae and airways stimulated by lung inflation. Inhibitory signals to medullary respiratory centers end inhalation and allow expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proprioceptors respond to

A

Changes in muscle length or tension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Golgi tendon organ senses

A

muscle tension and force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscle spindles sense

A

Muscle length and changes in length (stretch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motor unit

A

motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Upper motor neurons originate and travel where

A

originate in the cerebral cortex and travel down to the brain stem or spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lower motor neurons begin and travel where

A

Begin in the spinal cord and go not to innervate muscles and glands throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is released by all somatic motor neurons at their synapses and always excites muscle contraction

A

ACh. EPSP is created. End plate potential

18
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Autoimmune disorder that causes weakness in skeletal muscle due to antibodies binding to nAChRs. Most affected are eyes, face, and swallowing.

19
Q

Treatment for myasthenia gravis

A

Use an AChE inhibitor such as neostigmine or pyridostigmine to block the break down of ACh. Side effects include increased salivation and slow HR, sometimes low BP

20
Q

Sympathetic stimulation does what

A

1.) Increase HR and contractility
2.) constricts blood vessels
3.) Bronchodilation of lungs
4.) decreased gut motility and secretions, increased sphincter contraction

21
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation does what

A

1.) Lowers HR and contractility
2.) No effect on blood vessels?
3.) Bronchoconstriction
4.) Increased gut motility and secretions, sphincter relaxation

22
Q

Efferent nerves typically originate from the

A

medulla

23
Q

autonomic control of respiratory drive and cardiovascular function originates in the

A

medulla

24
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla to release what

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (4:1 ratio)

25
Q

Somatic nervous system receptor at the motor end plate

A

N1 receptor (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)

26
Q

ANS parasympathetic stimulation goes to what receptor in the ganglion

A

N2 receptor and then muscarinic receptor via acetylcholine

27
Q

ANS sympathetic stimulation goes to what receptor in the ganglion

A

N2 receptor and then alpha and beta adrenergic receptors via Norepinephrine

28
Q

ANS sympathetic stimulation goes to what receptor in the adrenal medulla

A

N2 and chromatin cell to produce epinephrine release

29
Q

Sympathetic pathway

A

Short preganglionic neuron and longer ADRENERGIC postganglionic neuron

30
Q

Parasympathetic pathway

A

Longer preganglionic neuron and shorter CHOLINERGIC postganglionic neuron

31
Q

N1 receptor location

A

Skeletal muscle

32
Q

N2 receptor location

A

postganglionic neurons

33
Q

M1 receptor location

A

CNS, salivary glands, and parietal cells. Increase IP3 and DAG. Excitatory (increase contraction of smooth muscle)

34
Q

M2 receptor location

A

Heart. Decrease cAMP and is inhibitory

35
Q

Effects of ACh on different receptors

A

1.) Nicotinic receptors N1, N2 - depolarization (excitatory)
2.) Muscarinic receptors M2 - slows heart hyper polarization (Inhibitory) and M3 smooth muscle contraction depolarization (closes K+ channels (excitation)

36
Q

M3 receptor location

A

Smooth muscle and exocrine glands. Increase IP3 and DAG

37
Q

Alpha 1 receptors do what

A

Postsynaptic. Located on smooth muscle throughout the body and increases intracellular calcium concentrations. Causes blood vessel constriction, inhibits insulin release, and relaxes intestines. Leads to increased IP3 and DAG. NE>EPI

38
Q

Alpha 2 receptors do what

A

Presynaptic. Decrease NE release through negative feedback. Inhibits CGCC. EPI>NE

39
Q

Beta 1

A

Epi>NE (increases HR and contractility) Heart

40
Q

Beta 2

A

EPI»NE (bronchodilation and some vasodilation) Lung

Physiology 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions