PNF

Question 1

Chopping

Answer 1

A combination of bilateral upper extremity asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity

Question 2

Developmental sequence

Answer 2

Progression of motor skill acquisition. Stages of motor control include mobility, stability, controlled mobility, and skill

Question 3

Mass movement patterns

Answer 3

Hip, knee and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously

Question 4

Overflow

Answer 4

Muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles

Question 5

Mobility

Answer 5

Ability to initiate movement through a functional range of motion

Question 6

Stability

Answer 6

Ability to maintain a position or posture through cocontraction and tonic holding around a joint. Example: unsupported sitting with midline control

Question 7

Controlled mobility

Answer 7

Ability to move within a weight bearing position or rotate around a long axis. Activities in prone on elbows or weight shifting in quadruped are examples

Question 8

Skill

Answer 8

Ability to consistently perform functional tasks and manipulate environment with normal postural reflex mechanisms and balance reactions. Skill activities include ADLs and community locomotion

Question 9

UE D1 flexion

Answer 9

Scapula elevation, abduction, upward rotation
Shoulder flexion, adduction, lateral rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar supination
Wrist flexion and radial deviation
Thumb adduction

Question 10

UE D1 extension

Answer 10

Scapula depression, adduction, downward rotation
Shoulder extension, abduction, medial rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar pronation
Wrist extension and ulnar deviation
Thumb abduction

Question 11

UE D2 flexion

Answer 11

Scapula elevation, adduction, upward rotation
Shoulder flexion, abduction, lateral rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar supination
Wrist extension and radial deviation
Thumb extension

Question 12

UE D2 extension

Answer 12

Scapula depression, abduction, downward rotation
Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar pronation
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
Thumb opposition

Question 13

LE D1 flexion

Answer 13

Pelvis protraction
Hip flexion, adduction, lateral rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle dorsiflexion and inversion

Question 14

LE D1 extension

Answer 14

Pelvis retraction
Hip extension, abduction, medial rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle plantar flexion and eversion

Question 15

LE D2 flexion

Answer 15

Pelvis elevation
Hip flexion, abduction, medial rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 16

LE D2 extension

Answer 16

Pelvis depression
Hip extension, adduction, lateral rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle plantar flexion and inversion

Question 17

Agonistic reversals

Answer 17

Controlled mobility and skill
Isotonic concentric contraction performed against resistance, followed by alternating concentric and eccentric contractions with resistance. Requires use in a slow and sequential manner, and may be used in increments throughout the range to attain maximum control

Question 18

Alternating isometrics

Answer 18

Stability
Isometric contractions are performed alternating from muscles on one side of the joint to the other side without rest. Emphasizes endurance or strengthening

Question 19

Contract relax

Answer 19

Mobility
Used to increase range of motion. As extremity reaches point of limitation, patient performs a maximal contaction of the antagonistic muscle group. Therapist resists movement for 8-10 seconds with relaxation to follow

Question 20

Hold relax

Answer 20

Mobility
Isometric contraction used to increase range of motion. Contraction facilitated for all muscle groups at the limiting point in the range of motion. Relaxation occurs and the extremity moves to the newly acquired range of motion

Question 21

Hold relax active movement

Answer 21

Mobility
A technique to improve initiation of movement to muscle groups tested at 1/5 or less. An isometric contraction is performed once the extremity is passively placed into a shortened range within the pattern. Overflow and facilitation may be used to assist with contraction. Upon relaxation, the extremity is immediately moved into a lengthened position of the pattern with a quick stretch. Patient asked to return the extremity to the shortened position through an isotonic contraction

Question 22

Joint distraction

Answer 22

Mobility

Proprioceptive component used to increase range of motion around a joint

Question 23

Normal timing

Answer 23

Skill
A technique used to improve coordination of all components of a task
Distal to proximal sequence. Proximal segments are restricted until the distal components are activated and initiate movement. Repetition of the pattern produces coordinated movement

Question 24

Repeated contractions

Answer 24

Mobility
Technique used to initiate movement and sustain a contraction through the range of motion
Used to initiate a movement pattern, throughout a weak movement pattern, or at a point of weakness within a movement pattern
Therapist provides quick stretch followed by isometric or isotonic contractions

Question 25

Resisted progression

Answer 25

Skill
Technique used to emphasize coordination of proximal components during gait. Resistance applied to an area such as the pelvis, hips, or extremity during the gait cycle in order to enhance coordination, strength or endurance

Question 26

Rhythmic initiation

Answer 26

Mobility
Technique used to assist in initiating movement when hypertonia exists
Movement progresses from passive, to active assistive, to slightly resistive

Question 27

Rhythmic stabilization

Answer 27

Mobility, stability
Used to increase range of motion and coordinate isometric contractions
Requires isometric contractions of all muscles around a joint against progressive resistance. Patient should relax and move into new range and repeat.
If stability goal, apply as a progress from altering isometrics to stabilize all muscle groups simultaneously around body part

Question 28

Rhythmical rotation

Answer 28

Mobility
Passive technique used to decrease hypertonia by slowly rotating an extremity around the longitudinal axis. Relaxation of the extremity will increase range of motion

Question 29

Slow reversal

Answer 29

Stability, controlled mobility, skill
Technique of slow and resisted concentric contractions of agonists and antagonists around a joint without rest between reversals. Used to improve control of movement and posture

Question 30

Slow reversal hold

Answer 30

Stability, controlled mobility, skill
Using slow reversal with addition of an isometric contraction that is performed at end of each movement in order to gain stability

Question 31

Timing for emphasis

Answer 31

Skill
Used to strengthen weak component of a motor pattern
Isotonic and isometric contractions produce overflow to weak muscles