PNF Flashcards
Chopping
A combination of bilateral upper extremity asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity
Developmental sequence
Progression of motor skill acquisition. Stages of motor control include mobility, stability, controlled mobility, and skill
Mass movement patterns
Hip, knee and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously
Overflow
Muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles
Mobility
Ability to initiate movement through a functional range of motion
Stability
Ability to maintain a position or posture through cocontraction and tonic holding around a joint. Example: unsupported sitting with midline control
Controlled mobility
Ability to move within a weight bearing position or rotate around a long axis. Activities in prone on elbows or weight shifting in quadruped are examples
Skill
Ability to consistently perform functional tasks and manipulate environment with normal postural reflex mechanisms and balance reactions. Skill activities include ADLs and community locomotion
UE D1 flexion
Scapula elevation, abduction, upward rotation
Shoulder flexion, adduction, lateral rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar supination
Wrist flexion and radial deviation
Thumb adduction
UE D1 extension
Scapula depression, adduction, downward rotation
Shoulder extension, abduction, medial rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar pronation
Wrist extension and ulnar deviation
Thumb abduction
UE D2 flexion
Scapula elevation, adduction, upward rotation
Shoulder flexion, abduction, lateral rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar supination
Wrist extension and radial deviation
Thumb extension
UE D2 extension
Scapula depression, abduction, downward rotation
Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation
Elbow flexion or extension
Radioulnar pronation
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
Thumb opposition
LE D1 flexion
Pelvis protraction
Hip flexion, adduction, lateral rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
LE D1 extension
Pelvis retraction
Hip extension, abduction, medial rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle plantar flexion and eversion
LE D2 flexion
Pelvis elevation
Hip flexion, abduction, medial rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion
LE D2 extension
Pelvis depression
Hip extension, adduction, lateral rotation
Knee flexion or extension
Ankle plantar flexion and inversion
Agonistic reversals
Controlled mobility and skill
Isotonic concentric contraction performed against resistance, followed by alternating concentric and eccentric contractions with resistance. Requires use in a slow and sequential manner, and may be used in increments throughout the range to attain maximum control
Alternating isometrics
Stability
Isometric contractions are performed alternating from muscles on one side of the joint to the other side without rest. Emphasizes endurance or strengthening
Contract relax
Mobility
Used to increase range of motion. As extremity reaches point of limitation, patient performs a maximal contaction of the antagonistic muscle group. Therapist resists movement for 8-10 seconds with relaxation to follow
Hold relax
Mobility
Isometric contraction used to increase range of motion. Contraction facilitated for all muscle groups at the limiting point in the range of motion. Relaxation occurs and the extremity moves to the newly acquired range of motion
Hold relax active movement
Mobility
A technique to improve initiation of movement to muscle groups tested at 1/5 or less. An isometric contraction is performed once the extremity is passively placed into a shortened range within the pattern. Overflow and facilitation may be used to assist with contraction. Upon relaxation, the extremity is immediately moved into a lengthened position of the pattern with a quick stretch. Patient asked to return the extremity to the shortened position through an isotonic contraction
Joint distraction
Mobility
Proprioceptive component used to increase range of motion around a joint
Normal timing
Skill
A technique used to improve coordination of all components of a task
Distal to proximal sequence. Proximal segments are restricted until the distal components are activated and initiate movement. Repetition of the pattern produces coordinated movement
Repeated contractions
Mobility
Technique used to initiate movement and sustain a contraction through the range of motion
Used to initiate a movement pattern, throughout a weak movement pattern, or at a point of weakness within a movement pattern
Therapist provides quick stretch followed by isometric or isotonic contractions
Resisted progression
Skill
Technique used to emphasize coordination of proximal components during gait. Resistance applied to an area such as the pelvis, hips, or extremity during the gait cycle in order to enhance coordination, strength or endurance
Rhythmic initiation
Mobility
Technique used to assist in initiating movement when hypertonia exists
Movement progresses from passive, to active assistive, to slightly resistive
Rhythmic stabilization
Mobility, stability
Used to increase range of motion and coordinate isometric contractions
Requires isometric contractions of all muscles around a joint against progressive resistance. Patient should relax and move into new range and repeat.
If stability goal, apply as a progress from altering isometrics to stabilize all muscle groups simultaneously around body part
Rhythmical rotation
Mobility
Passive technique used to decrease hypertonia by slowly rotating an extremity around the longitudinal axis. Relaxation of the extremity will increase range of motion
Slow reversal
Stability, controlled mobility, skill
Technique of slow and resisted concentric contractions of agonists and antagonists around a joint without rest between reversals. Used to improve control of movement and posture
Slow reversal hold
Stability, controlled mobility, skill
Using slow reversal with addition of an isometric contraction that is performed at end of each movement in order to gain stability
Timing for emphasis
Skill
Used to strengthen weak component of a motor pattern
Isotonic and isometric contractions produce overflow to weak muscles
