Pneumothorax, Noncardiac Pulmonary Edema, Pulmonary Embolus

Question 1

blood clot which migrates from another part of body, typically r side of heart (afib), the pelvis or from a DVT in legs

risk factors include immobility, pregnancy and increasing age

caused by blood clot - elevated D-dimer

Answer 1

pulmonary emboli

Question 2

can occur 24 to 48 hrs after long bone fx, such s fx of femur, humerus or pelvis

petechial rash to chest and axilla

Answer 2

fat emboli

Question 3

seen after central line insertion, use of defective IV tubing or diving incidents

signs of r sided HF and continuous drum like mill wheel murmur

Answer 3

air emboli

Question 4

initial symptom often h/a followed by dry cough and activity intolerance

as condition progresses, rales and hypoxia become severe

severe cases can develop LOC and coma

Answer 4

high altitude pulmonary edema

Question 5

air in the pleural space from an internal source causing a negative intrapleural pressure and collapse of the lung

may be caused by trauma, barotrauma from diving incidents or explosions

Answer 5

pneumothorax

Question 6

common in smokers of tall stature btwn 20 and 40

Answer 6

spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 7

air in the pleural space from an external source/open chest wound

Answer 7

open pneumothorax

Question 8

ingress of air into the pleural space w/o egress of air causing life-threatening pressure in the pleural space

Answer 8

tension pneumothorax

Question 9

may be caused by either arterial or venous sources

venous - usually self limiting
arterial - may lose up to 1500 cc of blood causing significant hypovolemia (accumulation of more than 1000 cc blood initially OR more than 200 cc/hr over 2-4 hrs)

Answer 9

hemothorax