Pneumothorax Flashcards
Air leak in pneumothorax most commonly originates from
Within the lung
Primary idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax usually results from
Ruptured subpleural blebs
Pneumothorax that occurs without trauma or underlying lung disease
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Familial cases of spontaneous pneumothorax have been associated with mutations in what gene
Folliculin gene (FCLN)
Patients with synthesis defects of what connective tissue are unusually prone to the development of pneumothorax
Collagen (e.g. Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan)
A pneumothorax arising as a complication of an underlying lung disorder but without trauma
Secondary pneumothorax
Incidence of pneumothorax is relatively high in infants with this type of pneumonia
Staphylococcal
Which drugs of abuse are associated with pneumothorax
1) Ecstasy (MDMA) 2) Crack cocaine 3) Marijuana
T/F High flow nasal cannula therapy may cause iatrogenic pneumothorax
T
What is catamenial pneumothorax
Pneumothorax related to menses, diaphragmatic defects, and pleural blebs
Bilateral pneumothorax has been reported in which conditions
1) Neonatal period 2) After lung transplantation 3) M. pneumoniae infection 4) Tuberculosis
Mechanisms of hypoxemia in pneumothorax
1) Alveolar hypoventilation 2) V/Q mismatch 3) Intrapulmonary shunt
Pleural pressure in simple pneumothorax
Atmospheric
% lung collapse in simple pneumothorax
30%
Pleural pressure in tension pneumothorax
Increasing positive pressure
T/F severity of pain in pneumothorax usually reflects extent of collapse
F
This radiographic view accentuates the contrast between lung markings and the clear area of the pneumothorax
Expiratory view
T/F When the lungs are stiff (e.g. cystic fibrosis or RDS) the unaffected lung collapses easily hence shifting of structures likely occurs
F
A small pneumothorax is defined as a collapse of how many percent
5
A small or moderate-sized pneumothorax may resolve spontaneously usually within what time period
1 week
T/F Administration of 100% O2 in pneumothorax may hasten spontaneous resolution
T
T/F Needle aspiration is as effective as tube thoracostomy in emergency management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
T
Indications for chest tube drainage of pneumothorax
1) Recurrent 2) Secondary 3) Under tension 4) >5% collapse
T/F Pneumothorax complicating CF usually recurs
T
Preferred therapy for blebectomy, pleural stripping, pleural brushing, and instillation of sclerosing agents
VATS
