Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi

Question 1

MC congenital laryngeal anomaly

Answer 1

Laryngomalacia

Question 2

MCC of stridor in infants and children

Answer 2

Laryngomalacia

Question 3

Diagnosis of laryngomalacia is confirmed by

Answer 3

Outpatient flexible laryngoscopy

Question 4

Suitable management for most infants with laryngomalacia

Answer 4

Expectant observation

Question 5

2nd MCC of stridor in infants and children

Answer 5

Congenital subglottic stenosis

Question 6

Congenital anomalies of airway: First symptoms often occur with a respiratory tract infection

Answer 6

Congenital subglottic stenosis

Question 7

Diagnosis of congenital subglottic stenosis is confirmed by

Answer 7

Direct laryngoscopy

Question 8

Surgical management for congenital subglottic stenosis in avoiding tracheostomy

Answer 8

Anterior laryngotracheal decompression (cricoid split) or laryngotracheal reconstruction with cartilage grafting

Question 9

MCC of secondary tracheomalacia

Answer 9

Aberrant innominate artery

Question 10

Used to describe vascular anomalies that result from abnormal development of the aortic arch complex

Answer 10

Vascular ring

Question 11

MC complete vascular ring, encircling both trachea and esophagus, compressing both

Answer 11

Double aortic arch

Question 12

MC open vascular ring

Answer 12

Aberrant right subclavian artery