Pneumothorac, Atelectasis, Obstruction Flashcards
resides between the visceral and parietal
pleura
Pleural cavity
resides between parietal pleura
and rib cage
Extrapleural space
Air in the pleural space between the visceral and parietal pleura represents a
pneumothorax
collection of gas
in the pleural space resulting in collapse of
the lung on the affected side
Pneumothorax
a life-threatening condition caused by air within the pleural space that is under pressure; displacing mediastinal structures and compromising cardiopulmonary function
Tension Pneumothorax
results from any
lung parenchymal or bronchial injury that
acts as a One-Way Valve and allows free air to move into an intact pleural space but
prevents the free exit of that air
Tension Pneumothorax
results from blunt or
penetrating injury that disrupts the parietal or
visceral pleura
Traumatic Pneumothorax
collapse of part of or the entire lung
Atelectasis
most common lobe to become Atelectatic
middle lobe syndrome: right middle lobe orifice is the narrowest and is
surrounded by lymphoid tissue
most common cause
of atelectasis in children
Intrinsic airway obstruction
most common underlying disorder that predisposes patients to atelectasis
asthma is the
occurs most commonly when air, blood, pus,
or chyle is present in the pleural space
Atelectasis from compressed lung tissue
A tear or leak in the thoracic duct causes chylous fluid to collect in the pleural cavity
Chylothorax
most common
type and results from reabsorption of gas from
the alveoli when communication between the alveoli and the trachea is obstructed
Obstructive Atelectasis
the golden S curve is seen in
obstructive atelectasis
results from surfactant deficiency
Adhesive Atelectasis
results from diminution of volume as a sequela of severe parenchymal scarring
Cicatrization Atelectasis
occurs when the alveoli of an entire lobe are filled by tumor
Replacement Atelectasis
a form of chronic atelectasis that usually results from bronchial compression by surrounding lymph nodes
Right Middle Lobe Syndrome
obliterates the right heart border on a PA image and projects as a wedge-shaped
opacity on a lateral chest radiograph
Right Middle Lobe Collapse
occurs because of obstruction of a small
bronchus
Platelike Atelectasis
Three Direct Signs of Atelectasis:
– Displaced fissure toward collapse
– Crowded bronchovascular markings
– Shift of marker structures toward collapse
Indirect Signs of Atelectasis
Collapse may cause compensatory shift in adjacent structures
Hilar depression indicates
lower lobe collapse
Hilar elevation indicates
upper lobe collapse
most reliable indirect sign of atelectasis
Hilar shift
results in hemidiaphragmatic
elevation (indirect sign)
Lobar atelectasis
