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Tri 7 - Chest > 2. Patterns of Lung Disease > Flashcards

2. Patterns of Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

The loss of the normal

radiographic contour

A

Silhouette Sign

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2
Q

If you cannot see the spine through the heart relative to the PA view, the image is

A

underpenetrated (too light)

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3
Q

consolidation of the LUL (apical posterior segment disease) obliterates the

A

aortic knob

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4
Q

Lingula consolidation (inferior segment disease) obliterates the

A

left heart border

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5
Q

An infiltrate (LLL disease) obscures the

A

descending thoracic aorta

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6
Q

If the consolidation is behind the heart its in the

A

left lower lobe

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7
Q

will cause a silhouette sign of the upper right

heart border and the right tracheal lung interface

A

RUL consolidation

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8
Q

will obliterate the left atrium, the aortic knob, and the anterior and middle mediastinum

A

LUL consolidation

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9
Q

When bronchi are surrounded by diseased fluid filled alveoli, the dense water density of the fluid surrounding the bronchi result in the

A

air bronchogram sign

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10
Q

indicates that a pulmonary lesion is present

A

Air bronchogram sign

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11
Q

Sometimes air bronchograms seen through the cardiac shadow is the most definitive sign of

A

LLL

consolidation

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12
Q

Air filled bronchi that are very crowded together

indicate

A

nonobstructive

atelectasis

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13
Q

Channels running between two adjacent alveoli across the

alveolar wall

A

Pores of Kohn & Canals of Lambert

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14
Q

Small apertures which

occur in the alveolar wall

A

Alveolar Pores (Pores of Kohn)

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15
Q

Permit the spread of bacteria and exudate to

adjacent alveoli

A

Alveolar Pores (Pores of Kohn)

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16
Q

Openings in the walls of terminal bronchioles or
respiratory bronchioles, which communicate
with alveoli

A

Canals of Lambert

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17
Q

Provide an alternative route for entry or escape of air and probably play an important role in lung fibrosis

A

Canals of Lambert

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18
Q

Provide an avenue through which macrophages
can pass from the alveolus to respiratory and
terminal bronchioles

A

Canals of Lambert

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19
Q

may produce bloody or rust-colored sputum

A

Pneumococci

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20
Q

may produce sputum
resembling currant jelly due to necrosis, inflammation,
and hemorrhage

A

Klebsiella and type 3 Pneumococci

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21
Q

results in an aggressive

necrotizing lobar pneumonia

A

Klebsiella (aka Friedlander) pneumonia

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22
Q

CD4 counts below 200/mm3, small pneumatocoeles, sub pleural blebs, and a fine reticular interstitial pulmonary pattern

A

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia

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23
Q
  • Areas of normal lung
  • Areas of inflammatio
  • Areas of end-stage, scarred, and non-functioning cystic lung with the appearance of a honeycomb.
A

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP)

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24
Q

are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma

A

Pulmonary pneumatoceles

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25
Q

Most often, they occur as a sequela to acute pneumonia, commonly caused by Staph aureus

A

Pulmonary pneumatoceles

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26
Q

opportunistic infection is now most commonly
associated with advanced human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) infection

A

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia

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27
Q

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

A

Staphylococcal infection

28
Q

begins in airways and spreads to peribronchial alveoli and may look like an alveolar pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

29
Q

loss of air space and its replacement with fluid is

called

A

consolidation

30
Q

multiple foci of isolated, acute consolidation, affecting

one or more pulmonary lobes

A

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

31
Q

an infection in the lungs

caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

32
Q

most commonly affected lobes of the lung in Pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

lower lobe and RML

33
Q
  • pleural effusion from involvement of pleura
  • diaphragmatic splinting and elevation
  • air bronchograms
A

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

34
Q

complication of debilitating disease densities of varying sizes that are poorly defined,
small and mottled

A

Bronchopneumonia

35
Q

poorly defined, irregular areas of increased radiodensity in the right lower and middle lobes most commonly

A

Aspiration Pneumonia

36
Q

confluent alveolar pneumonia in elderly and debilitated with sudden onset and may be fatal in few days

A

Klebsiella aka Friedlander’s Pneumonia

37
Q

initially looks like bronchopneumonia with patchy areas usually upper lobes with pulmonary cavitation

A

Klebsiella aka Friedlander’s Pneumonia

38
Q

An acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma;

A

Primary Atypical Pneumonia (walking pneumonia)

39
Q

streaky densities extending from hilum along vascular markings and scattered alveolar patchy densities

A

peribronchial type of Primary Atypical Pneumonia

40
Q

poorly defined scattered radiopacities

A

Bronchopneumonic type of Primary Atypical Pneumonia

41
Q

may present

in a perihilar location and look like pulmonary edema

A

viral pneumonia

42
Q

Frequently bilateral and associated with pleural effusion

A

viral pneumonia

43
Q

small, widespread, poorly defined nodules

diffusely scattered throughout lungs

A

Miliary Pattern

44
Q

primary TB may spread to the lung via

A

blood

45
Q

Cavitation of an acute suppurative pulmonary

infectious process

A

Lung Abscess

46
Q

downward displacement of interlobar fissure with increased radiopacity of lobe and blurring of right heart border

A

Right Middle Lobe Syndrome

47
Q

Most frequently, the lung abscess arises as a complication of

A

aspiration pneumonia

48
Q

patients with aspiration pneumonia commonly have

A

periodontal disease

49
Q

collection of air in a
crescentic shape that
separates the wall of a
cavity from an inner mass.

A

air crescent sign

50
Q

characteristic of Aspergillus
colonization of preexisting
cavities, and other lesions.

A

air crescent sign

51
Q

extravasation of

fluid from the pulmonary vasculature into the interstitium and alveoli

A

Pulmonary edema

52
Q

bronchi may dilate

A

Bronchiectasis

53
Q

a chronic, destructive,
infective process of bronchi and bronchioles
that results in loss of structural integrity and
permanent abnormal dilation of airways

A

Bronchiectasis

54
Q

seen in advanced asthma

A

hyperinflation

55
Q 
Hyperinflation of the lungs resulting in a radiographic finding of
increased radiolucency (air trapping) is the primary change seen in
A

COPD

56
Q

abnormal enlargement of the air spaces

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

57
Q

associated with emphysema due to liver disease

A

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

58
Q

the minimum

expansion to rule out COPD should be

A

2 inches

59
Q

large air sac formed by massive alveolar wall breakdown

A

Bulla

60
Q

Altered size and shape of the thorax due to formation of a kyphosis

A

Senescent or Postural Emphysema

61
Q

deflation of the normal lung with persistent

inflation of obstructed lung

A

Acute Obstructive Emphysema

62
Q

most common cause for centrilobular emphysema is

A

smoking

63
Q
  • segmental or lobar air space consolidation
  • ipsilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
  • pleural effusion
A

primary pulmonary TB

64
Q

a nodule in TB may become calcified or

ossified, resulting in a calcified granuloma called a

A

Ghon

Lesion

65
Q

rounded discrete nodules that are

known to harbor bacilli

A

Tuberculomas

66
Q

Hilar lymph node calcification

complemented by Ghon lesion

A

Ranke Complex

Tri 7 - Chest (3 decks)

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