Pneumonias Flashcards
Prevention of viral pneumonias
vaccines: influenza A/B, adenovirus, chickenpox, herpes zoster, measles, rubella
Treatment of influenza A pneumonia
Amantadine Hydrochloride
Most common cause of CAP
Strep pneumoniae (Pneumococcal)
Patient populations you’re likely to see klebsiella pneumonia
alcoholics, COPD, DM
Clinical presentation of CAP
fever, tachypnea, cough, sweats, chest discomfort, rigors
What bacteria causes rust colored sputum?
pneumococcal
What bacteria causes green sputum?
pseudomonas
What bacteria cause foul smelling sputum?
anaerobic
What bacteria cause bloody, currant jelly tinged sputum?
klebsiella
What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pneumonia when clinical and microbiologic features are supportive?
presence of an infiltrate on plain chest radiograph
What bacteria has a tendency to cause pneumonia in the upper lobes?
klebsiella
What bacteria has a tendency to cause pneumonia in the lower lobes?
legionella
T/F hyponatremia is often associated with Legionella pneumonia
True
What is an ominous clinical sign of impending death?
leukopenia
How long do patients need to have been in the hospital or on the ventilator before there pneumonia is considered nosocomial?
48-72hrs
What is the 2nd most common cause of hospital-aquired infection and leading cause of nosocomial infection death?
HAP
Common bacteria for HAP
S.aureus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, klebsiella, e-coli
Benefits of the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine
covers 23 strains of S. Pneumonia and a single dose offers lifetime immunity
What is the key difference between the pathophysiology of viral and bacterial pneumonias?
viruses involve lymphocytes and bacterium involve neutrophils
Differences of viral pneumonia clinical presentation as compared to bacterial pneumonia
lower fevers, gradual onset, seasonal distribution
What is used for treatment of viral RSV pneumonia?
Ribavirin
What fungal pneumonia is prevalent in the southwestern US?
Coccidioidomycosis
What is the treatment for fungal pneumonias?
amphoteracin B
Which of the following parasites are likely to cause pneumonia: toxoplasma gondii, stronglyoides stercoralis, ascariasis?
All of them of common parasites that cause pneumonia
How is legionella pneumophila transmitted?
inhaling aerosols
What is the treatment for a legionella pneumonia?
erythromycin
How is chlamydia psittaci transmitted?
bird dropping to humans
What is treatment for chlamydial pneumonias?
tetracycline
What is treatment for pneumocystis jiroveci (P. Carinii)?
Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole
