Misc. Pulmonary Infections Flashcards
Are most cases of acute bronchitis caused by viral or bacterial infections?
viral
What is the main symptom of bronchitis?
cough. May be non-productive initially and after a few days becomes productive (streaks of blood, clear, yellow, or green)
What should you perform during physical exam to make sure patient isn’t dehydrated?
orthostatics. Change in Pulse >15 bpm from lying to stand along with decrease of at least 10 in the BP = dehydration
What can you prescribe to suppress cough for acute bronchitis?
Guaifenesin syrup with codeine, Robitussin/Guaf with DM, or Tessalon Perles
What is the difference between acute bronchitis and acute bronchiolitis?
bronchiolitis occurs in children younger than two years old
What is the most common cause of pleurisy?
infection
When is TB classified as miliary?
occurs when tubercle bacilli enter the bloodstream and are carried to all parts of the body
How is TB spread?
person to person through airborne particles that contain M. tuberculosis called droplet nuclei
T/F prolonged contact is needed for the transmission of TB
true
Define latent TB
person breathes in bacterial and it reaches the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung, but Immune system keeps bacilli contained.
T/F a person who has latent TB is highly contagious
False. Person is not infectious and has no symptoms
Key symptoms of active TB
productive cough, fever, weight loss
What is measured in the tuberculin skin test?
Measure INDURATION, not erythema
In which of the following populations is 5mm induration considered a positive TST: HIV ppl, close contact with TB, CXR consisten w/TB, organ transplant recipients, persons w/healthy immune systems?
all of them except healthy immune. considered positive in persons who are immunosuppressed
When is a TB patient considered infectious?
cough, have cavitary disease, sputum smears positive for acid-fast bacilli
