Pneumonia

Question 1

What is Pneumonia?

Answer 1

Infection of pulmonary parenchyma

Question 2

Name 3 ways that infectious agents are transmitted to the lungs

Answer 2

Heamatogenously
Inhaled aerosols
Aspirated organisms in the oropharynx

Question 3

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

Answer 3

X-ray of the chest

Question 4

What are the 3 kinds of pneumonia?

Answer 4

Community acquired
Hospital acquired
Pneumonia in an immuno-compromised host.

Question 5

Name the main aetiological agent/ bacteria responsible for CAP.

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 6

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 6

Fever
Cough with sputum produced
Pleuritic pain when

Question 7

Name 3 clinical examination signs of pneumonia.

Answer 7

Fever
Tachypnea
Lobar consolidation signs
- i.e. Vocal resonance and increased vocal fremitus

Question 8

Which microbes most cause Nonsocial pneumonia most often?

Answer 8

Enteric gram negative
Staph aureus
Pseudomona’s aurigenosa
Oral anaerobes

Question 9

Which microbes most cause HIV pneumonia most often?

Answer 9

Staph aureus
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophillus influenza

Question 10

What is the most frequent sign of HIV pneumonia?

Answer 10

Diffuse bilateral crepitations

Note that this is also usually heard in all interstium lung diseases

Question 11

What treatment should be given to patients with HIV Pneumonia?

Answer 11

High dose co-trimoxazole

- (Trimethoprim- Sulphamethoxazole)

Question 12

How is HIV pneumonia diagnosed?

Answer 12

Cgest radiograph

Check for diffuse bilateral infiltrates

Question 13

What deciding factor determines if a patient is admitted to hospital in the case of CAP?

Answer 13

CURB-65
Confusion 
Urea
Respiratory rate 
Blood pressure