Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general risk factors for pneumonia?

A

Smoking, COPD, CF, increasing age, neurological disease, intubation, immunocompromise

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2
Q

What are the typical pathogens in community pneumonia?

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumo
  2. Moraxella catarrhalis
  3. Haemoplis influenzae
  4. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  5. Influenza virus A &B
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3
Q

What are the atypical pathogens in pneumonia?

A
  1. Chlamydophila pneumonia
  2. Mycoplasma pneumonia
  3. Legionella pneumophilia
  4. All of these are intracellular pathogens, generally have interstitial disease pattern and less acute onset
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4
Q

What are the risk factors for klebsiella infection?

A

Alcoholism

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5
Q

How do typical vs viral vs atypical CAP present?

A
  1. Typical: sick, productive cough, signs of consolidation
  2. Atypical: insidious onset, dry cough
  3. Viral: hx of URTI infection
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6
Q

What are the most common hospital acquired pneumonia bugs?

A
  1. S. Aureus (MRSA)
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. GNB
  4. Acinetobacter
  5. Stenotrophonas
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7
Q

What bugs are most common in aspiration pneumonia?

A
  1. Mouth flora

2. Anaerobes

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8
Q

Pseudomonas

A
  1. Gram negative bacilli, aerobic
  2. Causes lobar pneumonia
  3. Seen in neutropenic patients (bone marrow transplant, burns)
  4. More commonly seen in hospital
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9
Q

Haemophilis influenza

A
  1. Encapsulated gram negative coccobacilli
  2. Causes community acquired typical pneumonia
  3. Most common bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation
  4. Particularly bad for those without spleen
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10
Q

Staph Aureus

A
  1. Gram positive cocci in clusters
  2. Causes typical CAP, hospital acquired
  3. High incidence of complications ( abcess and empyema)
  4. Associated with IV drug use (endocarditis!)
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11
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia

A
  1. Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains

2. Most common cause of CAP

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12
Q

What is the cardinal inflammatory cell in CAP?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

Ddx lung abcess

A
Aspiration of infective material
Aspiration of gastric contents
Complication of bacterial pneumonia
Bronchial obstruction ( cancer) 
Septic embolism
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