Pneumonia Flashcards
1
Q
What are the general risk factors for pneumonia?
A
Smoking, COPD, CF, increasing age, neurological disease, intubation, immunocompromise
2
Q
What are the typical pathogens in community pneumonia?
A
- Streptococcus pneumo
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Haemoplis influenzae
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Influenza virus A &B
3
Q
What are the atypical pathogens in pneumonia?
A
- Chlamydophila pneumonia
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Legionella pneumophilia
- All of these are intracellular pathogens, generally have interstitial disease pattern and less acute onset
4
Q
What are the risk factors for klebsiella infection?
A
Alcoholism
5
Q
How do typical vs viral vs atypical CAP present?
A
- Typical: sick, productive cough, signs of consolidation
- Atypical: insidious onset, dry cough
- Viral: hx of URTI infection
6
Q
What are the most common hospital acquired pneumonia bugs?
A
- S. Aureus (MRSA)
- Pseudomonas
- GNB
- Acinetobacter
- Stenotrophonas
7
Q
What bugs are most common in aspiration pneumonia?
A
- Mouth flora
2. Anaerobes
8
Q
Pseudomonas
A
- Gram negative bacilli, aerobic
- Causes lobar pneumonia
- Seen in neutropenic patients (bone marrow transplant, burns)
- More commonly seen in hospital
9
Q
Haemophilis influenza
A
- Encapsulated gram negative coccobacilli
- Causes community acquired typical pneumonia
- Most common bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation
- Particularly bad for those without spleen
10
Q
Staph Aureus
A
- Gram positive cocci in clusters
- Causes typical CAP, hospital acquired
- High incidence of complications ( abcess and empyema)
- Associated with IV drug use (endocarditis!)
11
Q
Streptococcus pneumonia
A
- Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains
2. Most common cause of CAP
12
Q
What is the cardinal inflammatory cell in CAP?
A
Neutrophils
13
Q
Ddx lung abcess
A
Aspiration of infective material Aspiration of gastric contents Complication of bacterial pneumonia Bronchial obstruction ( cancer) Septic embolism