Pneumonia Flashcards
what should be investigated for pneumonia etiology?
local epidemiology
travel
specific exposures (birds, caves)
admissions / antibiotics
what are the most common microorganism causes of pneumonia?
strep pneumo
viruses (influenza)
mycoplasma pneumo
legionella
what organisms should be considered in pneumonia cases post-influenza after previous abx or lung disease?
staph aureus
enterobacteriaceae
pseudomonas
anaerobic organisms are typically seen in what situations?
aspiration (alcohol, seizure, stroke)
what do anaerobic organisms cause in the context of pneumonia?
lung abscess and empyema
what is required for pneumonia diagnosis?
clinical findings
CXR
what are the physical findings in the lungs for pneumonia?
tachypnea (over 24)
crackles and consolidation (33%)
what are the blood findings for pneumonia?
leukocytosis with left shift
what is the gold standard for pneumonia diagnosis?
CXR infiltrate
why is establishing specific pathogen for CAP not always required?
empiric therapy is generally very successful
in what situations is identification of the organism considered critical for pneumonia?
legionella
influena A/B and MERS
community acquired MRSA
agents of bioterrorism
how are the majority of pneumonia cases treated, generally?
empirically
when is sputum gram stain and culture recommended for CAP?
ICU admission failure of abx cavitary changes on imaging immunocompromised host alcoholism
when are sputum samples useful?
must be an acceptable sample COPD pleural effusion epidemic pneumonia evidence of drug resistance
what is the treatment for previously healthy patients with pneumonia with no comorbidities?
oral macrolide
erythromycin
doxycycline
