Pneumonia Flashcards
Pneumonia
Infection of the pulmonary parenchyma
Impaired local pulmonary defense
- Cough reflex is loss
- Altered sensorium- anesthesia, drugs, chest pain
- Dysfunction of the mucociliary apparatus
- Accumulation of secretion- Cystic fibrosis and bronchial obstruction
Community acquired acute pneumonia
Acquired outside the hospital setting
Bronchopneumonia
Lesions dry, granular, yellow and poorly define. Bronchiole involve in the right lower corner.
Neutrophil rich exudate fill bronchi, bronchioles
Patches of consolidation
Lobar pneumonia
Whole lobe opacity
Clinical:
High fever
Shortness of breath
Increased Fremits
Crackles
Rusty Sputum
Pleuritic pain
Bronchial Breath sound
Egophony
Dullness in percussion
Labs- Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis
Complication- Lung abscess and Empyema ( infection thought the pleural surface into the pleural cavity)
Stage sin lobar penmonia
- Congestion - Heavy, boggy and red lung. Vascular engorgement, intra-alveolar fluid with few neutrophils
- Red Hepatization- Red and firm liver like consistency. Neutrophils, red cell and fibrin in alveolar spaces
- Gray hepatization- grayish brown. Disintegration of the red cell and persistence fibrinosuppurative exudate.
- Resolution- Enzymatic digestion of produce granular. Resorbed, ingested by machrophages, expectorated or organized by fibroblast growing into it.
Community acquired atypical
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a big agent
Chlamydia pneumonia
No consolidation
Lack of alveolar exudate
confined to the alveolar septa
Patchy, red-blue congested
Pleuritis infrequent
Inflammatory reaction is localized within the walls of the alveoli
The alveolar is widened
NO alveolar exudate ( accumulation of fluid and cells in the alveoli)
Aspiration pneumonia
Pneumonia is partly chemical due do irritating effects of gastric acid and bacteria due to aspiration.
While unconscious or repeated vomiting.
Abnormal gag reflex, pass out from binging alcohol.
Prognosis: Necrotizing and pursue a fulminant clinical course
Complication- Lung abscess or death
Lung abscess
Local suppurative process that produces necrosis of lung tissue. Air Fluid lesion
Aerobic- Streptococci, S. aureus
Anaerobic- 60% Bactericides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus
Neoplasia- post obstructive pneumonia
Miscellaneous- Direct penetrating trauma on lungs
Clinical:
Foul smelling sputum
Cough
Fever
Weight loss and chest pain
Clubbing
Streptococcus pneumoniae
