Pneumonia

Question 1

Definition of pneumonia

Answer 1

Pneumonia is an infectious disease in which one or both lungs areaffected by inflammation caused by bacteria viruses or fungi
The infection leads to thealveoli in the lungs becoming filled withfluid or pus causing difficulty in breathing and exchanging gases

Question 2

Symptoms

Answer 2

Coughing- phlegms/mucus

Fever sweating and chills
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Fatigue
Weakness nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Diarrhea

Question 3

Stages

Answer 3

Stage one -congestion or consolidation due to accumulation of fluid in alveoli last 24hours.

Stag two - Red hepatization
Red blood cells and immune cells accumulate around the alveoli last for few days

Stage three
Grey hepatization fibrous tissue
Increase RBC are destroyed hemosidenn may start to accumulate causing the lung grey appearance appearsaround2-3 days after redhepalizaton can last up to 8 days

Stage four
Res Devon when patient starts to feel better around 8-10 days
After infection last up to few weeks cough up to /month

Incubation- spreading of information

Question 4

Treatment forstages

Answer 4

Stage one- early pneumonia congestion phase treated with antibiotics like azithromycin clarithromycin levofloxacin

With severe pneumonia red/gray
Receive IV antibiotics fluid
Receive
Supplemental oxygen

Question 5

Signs or clinical picture of stages

Answer 5

Stage one - fever drycough, headachesmusclepainweakness, loss of appetite

Question 6

Stage two and three

Answer 6

Stage two- Red hepatization
Conversion into a substance resembling the liver
Capillaries within our sacs become filled with blood causing hyperaemia
Presence of many erythrocytesneutrophils, fribin within alveoli

Stage three- grey hepatization
Ling appears grey-brown to yellow because of fibrinopurulent exudates dis integration of red cells and hemosiderin which causes. compression of capillaries leukocytes migrate into the congested alveoli

Question 7

Types of pneumonia

Answer 7

Lobar-pneumonia consolidation of parenchyma
Community acquired pneumonia
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Pneumonia in immune compromised patient

Question 8

Lobar P.

Answer 8

Gross aspiration
Spreading in the body
Hematogenous way
Contact inflammation of pleura can spread from affected organs to non affected organs

Question 9

Community A.

Answer 9

Develops outside the hospitals within 48 hours heath care associated with IV therapy dialysis hospitalized for 3 monthsmore than 48 hoursis hospital acquired pneumonia