Hypertensive Crisis F.T Flashcards
Definition
Patent has a systolic BP > 179 mmttg or diastole BP > 109mm Hg
Types of hypertensive crisis
Hypertensive emergencies-organ damage involved elevated BP 180/120 mmhg
Treatment in hospital
Hypertensive urgencies-no target organ damage involved involved elevated BP 180/120 mmhg
Can be treated outsidehospital
Pathogenesis of hypertensive emergency
Endothelial dysfunction release of nitrous oxide
Vasoconstriction/ vasospasm leading to eschemiaand damage to organs
Inflammation and necrosis fibrosis of arterioles
Pathogenesis of hypertensive urgency
Increase sympathetic activity
RAAS activation
Hypertension crisis associated diseases
Heart failure
Diabetes mellitus
Cerebrovascular diseases- stroke dementia ‘
Aoartic aneurysm
Hypercholestrotemia
Peripheral arterial disease
Disease that affect target organ hypertensive crisis
emergency type with pathology andcomplains
Heart- infarction or ischemia heart failure
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Brain- stroke( infarction of brain tissue)
Signs of stroke - difficulty speaking)loss of vision sudden weakness severe headache retarded memory,
Eyes - retinopathy
Double vision blindness photophobia vision problem
Blood vessels- aortic aneurysms( dissection
Chestpain abdominal pain shortness of breath
Kidney- acute renal failure( renal edema, high BP paleskin morepronounced in the morning oliguria or Anuria
Appearance of electrolytes, protenuria in urine tests elevated creatine decreased glomerulus flirtation rate. Face redness
Hypertensive urgency treatment_
Ace -inhibitors- captopril
CCB -nifedipine
Beta blockers -metoprolol
loop Diuretics- Furosemide
Midazole- moxomide
A2-agonst - clonidine
Nitroglycenne
Hypertensive crisis emergency treatment
Ace inhibitor-analapril
B2-blockers- metoprolol
CCB -
Nicadipine
l clonidine
Arterialvaso constrictors- fenodipam
Peripheral
A-2 blockers _ phentolamine
