Pneumonia

Question 1

what is pneumonia

Answer 1

infection of the lung tissue

Question 2

how does pneumonia present on a CXR?

Answer 2

as consolidation

Question 3

what are the 5 classifications of pneumonia?

Answer 3

Community acquired pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Location - lobar vs bronchopneumonia
Ventilator acquired

Question 4

what is CAP?

Answer 4

pneumonia developed outside of hospital

Question 5

what is HAP?

Answer 5

pneumonia developed more than 48 hours after hospital admission

Question 6

what is aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 6

pneumonia developed due to aspiration e.g after inhaling foreign material such as food

Question 7

what are the common bacterial causes of CAP?

Answer 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae,

Question 8

what is the clinical presentation of pneumonia?

Answer 8

Shortness of breath
Cough productive of sputum (rusty coloured)
Fever
Haemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain worse on inspiration)
Delirium (acute confusion associated with infection)

Question 9

what colour is the sputum ten produced by streptococcus pneumonia?

Answer 9

rust-coloured seputum

Question 10

what is the colour of the sputum often produced by pseudomonas, haemophilus, and pneumococcal species

Answer 10

green coloured sputum

Question 11

what are the common bacterial causes of aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 11

pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes.

Question 12

what are the 5 different classifications of pneumonia?

Answer 12

CAP, HAP, Aspiration, location (lobar vs bronchopneumonia), ventilator

Question 13

what are the symptoms of sepsis which is secondary to pneumonia?

Answer 13

tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypoxia, hypotension, fever, confusion

Question 14

What are the sounds heard upon ascultation with an individual with pneumonia?

Answer 14

Bronchial breath sounds - harsh breath sounds Focal coarse crackles - air passing through through sputum (similar to using a straw to blow into a drink)
Dullness to percussion - lung tissue collapse/consolidation

Question 15

what percentage of cases of pneumonia is due to streptococcus pneumonia?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

what percentage of cases of pneumonia is due to streptococcus pneumonia?

Answer 16

20%

Question 17

what bacteria is common to cause pneumonia in CF?

Answer 17

Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Streptococus aureus

Question 18

what bacteria cases pneumonia as a symptom of
exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in COPD?

Answer 18

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 19

in a question containing water supplies or people coming back from holiday which bacteria does it indicate?

Answer 19

Legionella pneuomiphila

Question 20

in a question containing a rash and pink rings, often in teens what does it indicate?

Answer 20

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 21

in a question containing school aged children what does it indicate?

Answer 21

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Question 22

in a question containing exposé to animals and their bodily fluids does it indicate?

Answer 22

Coxiella burnetii aka Q Fever

Question 23

in a question that indicates contact with birds what does it indicate?

Answer 23

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 24

in a question that includes elderly, diabetes and alcoholics what does it indicate?

Answer 24

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 25

what antibiotic treatment is often given with mild CAP?

Answer 25

5- day course of oral antibiotics eg amoxicillin or macrolide (eg clarithromycin)

Question 26

what antibiotic treatment is often given with moderate to severe CAP?

Answer 26

7-10 day course of dual antibiotics eg amoxicillin and macrolide)

Question 27

what antibiotic treatment is often given in CAP with CURB-65 score 1?

Answer 27

oral amoxicillin

Question 28

what antibiotic treatment is often given in CAP with CURB-65 score 2?

Answer 28

oral amoxicillin + clarithromycin

Question 29

what antibiotic treatment is often given in CAP with CURB-65 score 3 or more?

Answer 29

IV Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin

Question 30

what antibiotic treatment should be given in HAP?

Answer 30

co-amoxiclav, IV cephalosporin if severe