Pneumonia Flashcards
what is pneumonia
infection of the lung tissue
how does pneumonia present on a CXR?
as consolidation
what are the 5 classifications of pneumonia?
Community acquired pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Location - lobar vs bronchopneumonia
Ventilator acquired
what is CAP?
pneumonia developed outside of hospital
what is HAP?
pneumonia developed more than 48 hours after hospital admission
what is aspiration pneumonia?
pneumonia developed due to aspiration e.g after inhaling foreign material such as food
what are the common bacterial causes of CAP?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae,
what is the clinical presentation of pneumonia?
Shortness of breath
Cough productive of sputum (rusty coloured)
Fever
Haemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain worse on inspiration)
Delirium (acute confusion associated with infection)
what colour is the sputum ten produced by streptococcus pneumonia?
rust-coloured seputum
what is the colour of the sputum often produced by pseudomonas, haemophilus, and pneumococcal species
green coloured sputum
what are the common bacterial causes of aspiration pneumonia?
pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes.
what are the 5 different classifications of pneumonia?
CAP, HAP, Aspiration, location (lobar vs bronchopneumonia), ventilator
what are the symptoms of sepsis which is secondary to pneumonia?
tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypoxia, hypotension, fever, confusion
What are the sounds heard upon ascultation with an individual with pneumonia?
Bronchial breath sounds - harsh breath sounds Focal coarse crackles - air passing through through sputum (similar to using a straw to blow into a drink)
Dullness to percussion - lung tissue collapse/consolidation
what percentage of cases of pneumonia is due to streptococcus pneumonia?
50%
what percentage of cases of pneumonia is due to streptococcus pneumonia?
20%
what bacteria is common to cause pneumonia in CF?
Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Streptococus aureus
what bacteria cases pneumonia as a symptom of
exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in COPD?
Haemophilus influenzae
in a question containing water supplies or people coming back from holiday which bacteria does it indicate?
Legionella pneuomiphila
in a question containing a rash and pink rings, often in teens what does it indicate?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
in a question containing school aged children what does it indicate?
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
in a question containing exposé to animals and their bodily fluids does it indicate?
Coxiella burnetii aka Q Fever
in a question that indicates contact with birds what does it indicate?
Chlamydia psittaci
in a question that includes elderly, diabetes and alcoholics what does it indicate?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
what antibiotic treatment is often given with mild CAP?
5- day course of oral antibiotics eg amoxicillin or macrolide (eg clarithromycin)
what antibiotic treatment is often given with moderate to severe CAP?
7-10 day course of dual antibiotics eg amoxicillin and macrolide)
what antibiotic treatment is often given in CAP with CURB-65 score 1?
oral amoxicillin
what antibiotic treatment is often given in CAP with CURB-65 score 2?
oral amoxicillin + clarithromycin
what antibiotic treatment is often given in CAP with CURB-65 score 3 or more?
IV Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
what antibiotic treatment should be given in HAP?
co-amoxiclav, IV cephalosporin if severe
