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Pneumonia > Cells involved in Inflammation > Flashcards

Cells involved in Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what are polymorphonuclear white blood cells?

A

they are a subtype of leukocyte white bloodd cells which include, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

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2
Q

polymorphonuclear white blood cells are also granulocytes, what does this mean?

A

they contain and release granules

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3
Q

what granules is released from neutrophils?

A

protein and substances that help fight infection

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4
Q

what granules is release from mast cells and basophils?

A

histamine which triggers a defensive inflammatory response

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5
Q

where do PMNs develop from?

A

haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

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6
Q

what are the two pathways the blood forming cells develop down?

A

the lymphoid cell cline where cells become lymphocytes
the myeloid cell line where cells become different types of PMNs and other blood cells

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7
Q

where are PMNs commonly found?

A

in the blood (apart from mast cells) however, they often also move to different sites in the body where they are needed

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8
Q

which type of immune response are the PMNs involved in?

A

the innate immune response

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9
Q

what do neutrophils do?

A

they are the first-line of defence against bacteria, viruses and fungal infections

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10
Q

what does the body do what there is tissue injury?

A

releases chemotactic factors to attract neutrophils

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11
Q

what are eosinophils involved in?

A

allergic reactions and also fight parasitic infections?

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12
Q

what are basophils involved in?

A

allergic reactions, secrete histamine to cause inflammation

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13
Q

what are mast cells involved in?

A

respiratory and digestive conditions, the connective tissue mast cells trigger inflammation and the mucosal mast cells keep the gut in balance

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14
Q

where do lymphocytes develop?

A

in the bone marrow and travel to perform various functions within the lymphatic system

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15
Q

what do lymph nodes do?

A

they filter lymph so that Bactria, viruses, parasites, fungo and other invaders can be isolated and neutralised by lymphocytes

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16
Q

what are the two types of lymphocytes?

A

B cells and T cells

17
Q

what are b cells involved in

A

adaptive, antibody-driven immunity

18
Q

what are the two types of b cells?

A

plasma cells (produce antibody’s to target foreign invaders) and memory b cells \9help remember foreign invaders for acquired immunity

19
Q

what are T cells mainly involved in?

A

adaptive, cell-mediated immunity

20
Q

how do T cells differ from b cells in immunity?

A

Does not involve antibodies but instead directly target or kills foreign cells

21
Q

where do T cells develop and migrate to?

A

Travel from bone marrow to a small gland located called the thymus → here they mature and specialise

22
Q

what do cytotoxic T cells do?

A

directly target and attack foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses and certain cancer cells

23
Q

what do helper T cells do?

A

recruit and coordinate other immune cells to help fight infection

24
Q

what do natural killer T cells do?

A

can kill certain tumour cells and also target infected cells for destruction. Function as part of innate immune response

25
Q

what do regulatory T cells do?

A

adjust the immune response to avoid overreaction that can cause the body harm

26
Q

what do memory T cells do?

A

‘remember’ foreign invaders so that a new attack can be launched if the invader returns

27
Q

what are macrophages?

A

type of white blood cell

28
Q

what do macrophages do?

A
  • engulf and digest microorganisms
  • clear out debris and dead cells
  • stimulate other cells involved in immune function
  • confer innate immunity
  • secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines
  • form from monocytes, which derived from the bone marrow
29
Q

what is the major role of M1 macrophages

A

detect, engulf and destroy bacteria through phagocytosis

30
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

process by which cells ingest or engulf other cells or particles

31
Q

what other functions do M1 macrophages do

A

promote inflammation, extracellular matrix destruction, apoptosis of invading cells by releasing various cytokines and nitric oxide to aid in cellular destruction, as well as antigen presentation

32
Q

what is the role of M2 macrophages?

A

regeneration of connective tissue during wound healing and also phagocytose bacteria and damaged tissue around the wound

33
Q

what do M2 macrophages produce?

A

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and (TGF)-B1 which allows for vascular stability and wound repair

Pneumonia (5 decks)

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