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Respiratory > PNA > Flashcards

PNA Flashcards

1
Q

what the symptoms of a common cold

A

HA, clear nasal discharge, dry cough, sore throat

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2
Q

what are the viruses that cause the common cold

A

rhinovirus
adenovirus
coronavirus

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3
Q

describe epidemiology of SARS

A

2013
Bats
F, cough, SOB, PNA, ARDS
10% death - all hospitalized

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4
Q

describe epidemiology of MERS

A 
2012-2015
Camels
F, cough, SOB, PNA, ARDS
30% death - asymptomatic --> hospitalized
France-->Africa/US-->Asia
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5
Q

identify the typical symptoms associated with influenza

A

HA, F, cough with sputum, chills, myalgia, fatigue

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6
Q

compare and contrast characteristics of the 4 influenza antiviral agents

A
  1. Oseltamavir: Influenza A/B, neuraminidase inhibitor, oral, no resistance
  2. Zanamivir: Influenza A/B, NA inhibitor, inhalation, no resistance
  3. Amantadine: Influenza A, adamantanes, oral, 99% resistance
  4. Rimantadine: Influenza A, adamantanes, oral, 99% resistance
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7
Q

what are the differences btwn the 3 types of influenza vaccines

A
  1. live attenuated - intranasal inhalation - only in healthy and nonpregnant persons
  2. inactivated - 2 types - a) IM b) ID
    IM - given to those > 6 mo
    ID - given to those 18-64
  3. recombinant influenza vaccine - IM, 18-49yrs
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8
Q

discuss the incidence and transmission of cytomegalovirus

A
  • Herpesviridae family, ds DNA

- Owls-eye appearance

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9
Q

describe the use of ganciclovir

A
  • antiviral treatment for CMV
  • this is activated by viral thymidine kinase
  • actual drug target is DNA polymerase
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10
Q

describe the use of valganciclovir

A

-antiviral treatment for CMV

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11
Q

describe the use of cidofovir

A
  • antiviral treatment for CMV

- for ganciclovir resistance

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12
Q

describe the use foscarnet

A
  • antiviral treatment for CMV

- for ganciclovir resistance

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13
Q

describe the symptoms and clinical exam results associated with CMV

A
  • owls-eye appearance of cells

- symptoms: fatigue, fever, mild dyspnea w/ exertion

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14
Q

what is the respiratory disease associated with HSV

A
  • 1/2: can become disseminated in neonates and immunocompromised causing pneumonitis and lethality
  • 8: Kaposi’s sarcoma causing lung lesions and high mortality in the immunocompromised
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15
Q

what is the respiratory disease associated with VZV

A

-can spread to the lungs or cause secondary infection

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16
Q

what is the respiratory disease associated with EBV

A

-infections that cause mono - fatigue, ST, exudative, tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes.

17
Q

what are the viruses that cause common cold in adults and severe disease in children

A

RSV

Parainfluenza

18
Q

what are the viruses mentioned that typically cause more severe disease

A

HSV
CMV
Influenza A/B

19
Q

what are the 4 groups of people who are at highest risk for influenza

A
  1. pregnant or postpartum up to 2 wks
  2. 65 yo
  3. DZ: asthma, DM, renal, liver, endo, lung, heart, neuro disease
20
Q

what are the differences btwn primary and secondary PNA

A
  1. Primary: viral cause, interstitial disease on xr, sputum has PMN, progressive worsening of symptoms, 50% mortality
  2. Secondary: bacterial, xr and mortality depend on agent, sputum has bacterial agent, biphasic symptom presentation
21
Q

please name the 3 types of influenza vaccines

A
  1. live attenuated
  2. recombinant protein
  3. inactivated
22
Q

what strains does the trivalent vaccine cover

A

2 A and 1 B

23
Q

what strains does the quadrivalent vaccine cover

A

2 A and 2 B

24
Q

list the 2 types of trivalent vaccines that were discussed

A
  1. Flucelvax

2. Fluzone

25
Q

describe Flucelvax

A

Novartis, > 18yrs, IM, inactivated, standard dose, cell culture based line (canine kidney) - good for egg allergies

26
Q

describe fluzone trivalent

A

Sanofi Pasteur, >65, IM, inactivated - good for elderly

27
Q

list the 2 quadrivalent vaccines covered

A
  1. Fluzone

2. Flubok

28
Q

describe Fluzone quadrivalent

A

Sanofi Pasteur, 18-64 hrs, ID, inactivated

29
Q

describe Flubok

A

Protein Sciences, > 18yrs, IM, recombinant produced in insect cells

30
Q

describe what kind of disease CMV will cause in transplant patients, HIV, neonates, and healthy

A
  • highest risk in transplant recipients (pneumonitis and gastritis)
  • HIV pts: retinitis and less commonly pneumonitis/gastritis
  • neonates: cytomegalic inclusion disease
  • healthy people: mono or asymptomatic infection
31
Q

describe CMV transmission - 5 types

A
  1. intrauterine: 37% mother’s primary infection, 1% seropositive mothers
  2. perinatal: breast milk contains virus
  3. postnatal: asymptomatic, exposure to saliva/genital secretions, daycare transmission, STD
  4. blood transfusion: risk reduced significantly with leukocyte reduction
  5. organ transplant: solid organ transplant, bone marrow can cause reactivation of a latent infection
32
Q

what are the 4 antiviral treatments forCM

A

foscarnet
ganciclovir
ganciclovir
valganciclovir

Respiratory (11 decks)

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