Anatomy and Histology Flashcards
midclavicular, midaxillary, paravertebral border of the visceral pleura
6, 8, 10
midclavicular, midaxillary, paravertebral border of the parietal pleura
8, 10, 12
what is the best place to perform a pleurocentesis
posterior - 7th,8th, or 9th intercostal spaces
what is a pancoast tumor
A tumor growing in the superior pulmonary sulcus
where are the pulmonary veins located in relation to the other structures of the hilum
inferior
how long is the trachea
10-11 cm
what is another name of the secondary bronchi
lobar
what is the majority of the epithelium of the larynx
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
what epithelium is covering the vocal folds
stratified squamous epithelium
what is special about the LP of the epiglottis and saccules
they contain seromucous glands to keep the stratified squamous epithelium moist
what are the cell types of the trachea and bronchi
- ciliated columnar cells
- goblet cells
- brush cells
- basal cells
- neuroendocrine cells
- intraepithelial lymphocytes
- mast cells
- metaplasia
is a thick basement membrane in the trachea normal?
yes
where are smooth muscle bundles found in the intrapulmonary bronchi?
between the LP and submucosa
what do seromucous glands secrete?
- mucins
- bacteriostatic substances: lactoferrin, lysozyme
- IgA
- protease inhibitors
What is normal and chronic bronchitis of the Reid Index
Normal 0.5
75% of cancers originate in which part of the lung
1st, 2nd, 3rd order
describe the cell type of the bronchioles
- pseudostrat ciliated columnar –> simple columnar epi –> progresssively becomes simple cuboidal (remain ciliated)
- goblet cells (not in the small bronchioles)
- Club cells (terminal and respiratory bronchioles)
- Brush cells ( in the large bronchioles)
What are not included in the lining of the bronchioles?
submucosa and cartilage
describe the changes that occur in asthma
increased: mucus, thickness of basal lamina, lamina propria thickness due to inflammatory cells, smooth muscle thickness, glands in submucosa
describe the histology of the respiratory surface
- Club cells (both terminal and respiratory bronchioles)
2. thin-walled alveoli, alveolar sacs and ducts
describe type I alveolar cells
- simple squamous
- connected by tight junctions
- not capable of cell division
describe type II alveolar cells
- cuboidal w/ short apical microvilli
- connected to type I through tight junctions
- LAMELLAR BODIES!! –> surfactant
- stem cells of the alveoli
- secrete small amnts of alpha anti trypsin
where are heart failure cells found?
in the sputum
what cells make up the gas-blood barrier
- type I pneumocytes w/ surfactant
- basal lamina + capillary
- endo of capillary
what is found in the interalveolar septum
capillary, type III collagen, elastic fibers
what blood vessels supplies the lung parenchyma
bronchial artery
what are the 2 venous circulations of the lung
pulmonary and bronchial
