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PMLS 1 FINALS > PMLS_LEC5 > Flashcards

PMLS_LEC5 Flashcards

1
Q

is a collection of people working together
under a defined structure for the purpose of achieving a predetermined outcome.

A

organization

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2
Q

is where each staff member is indispensable and has individual roles that contribute to attainment of daily objectives and long-term goals.

A

laboratory organization

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3
Q

While leaders can be managers, not all managers are effective leaders,

A
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4
Q

provides the direction of where a group or an organization is going

A

Leadership

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5
Q

provides the road to get there.

A

Management

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6
Q
  • Is an administrator
  • Organizer and developer
  • Risk Taker
  • Inspiration
  • Thinks long-term
  • Asks what and why
  • Challenges that the status quo
  • Does the right thing
A

LEADER

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7
Q
  • Implementer
  • Maintains control
  • Thinks short-term
  • Ask how and when
  • Watches bottom line
  • Accept status quo
  • Is a good soldier
  • Does things right
A

MANAGER

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8
Q

Provides high support but low direction in accomplishing duties

A

Supportive

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9
Q

Presents rules, orders, or other defined
instructions but limited support.

A

Directive

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10
Q

Provides low support and low direction

A

Delegating

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11
Q

Provides high support and high direction

A

Coaching

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12
Q

§ Supervisors
§ Team leaders
§ Chief technologists
More concerned on completing the day’s
work.

A

first-line managers

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13
Q

§ Operations manager
§ Division heads
May straddle both areas to some degree by
engaging in a variety of activities that may
be strategic as well as tactical

A

Middle managers

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14
Q

§ Lab directors
§ Board of directors
Concentrates on strategizing and planning
for the next 1 to 5 years

A

Top managers

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15
Q

LEVEL OF AUTHORITY in order

A

Lab Director
Head Pathologist
Chief Medical Technologist
Section head
Senior Medical Technologist
Junior Medical Technologist
Medical technicians
Laboratory Assistant

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16
Q

Either a physician or a pathologist trained in lab management.

A

Lab Director

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17
Q

A duly registered physician who is specially
trained in the methods of laboratory medicine and microscopic study of tissue, secretion, and
excretion of the human body and its functions in order to diagnose and characterize disease of living patients.

A

Head Pathologist

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18
Q

Works under the supervision of a registered
pathologist.

A

Chief Medical Technologist

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19
Q

Works under the supervision of the chief medical technologist.

A

Section head

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20
Q

The process which high level decisions are made
usually based on long term
projections and a global view that can have an impact on all levels of a laboratory’s operations.

A

STRATEGIC PLANNING

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21
Q

consists of the detailed day to day operations needed to meet the immediate needs of the laboratory and works toward meeting the long-term strategic goals that have been set.

A

tactical planning

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22
Q

a. Inaccurate patient identification
b. Ordering the wrong test
c. Improper specimen collection,
transportation, and receipt

A

Preanalytic errors

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23
Q
  • Occur in an appropriate sample such as
    incorrect blood tubes for particular analyses.
  • Calibration errors
  • Instrument malfunctions
  • The presence of interfering substances
  • Failure to verify results
A

Analytic errors

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24
Q
  • Includes reports being sent to the wrong health care provider
  • Long term turnaround times
  • Missing reports
  • Improper interpretation of test results by
    health care providers
A

Post-analytic errors

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25
Q

A system’s approach that focuses on
team’s processes, statistics, and the
delivery of products or services that
meet or exceed costumer expectations

A

Total quality management

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26
Q

§ An element of total quality management
§ Strives to continually improve practices
and not just meet established quality
standards

A

Continuous quality improvement

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27
Q

Strives to continually look for ways to reduce errors by empowering employees to assist in problem solving and getting them to understand their integral role within the greater system.

A

Total Quality management thinking

28
Q

It is a performance improvement program the goal of which can be summarized by the mantra “improvement by eliminating process variation”
based on statistics and quantitative
measurements through which process defects or errors are Analyzed

A

Six Sigma by Motorola

29
Q

While these processes develop
independently, the key ideas and techniques
are often combined in the methodology
frequently referred to as _____
It is a system for reducing waste in production
or manufacturing processes.

A

Lean Management by Toyota Productions System

30
Q

5S: PDCA of Lean Management

A

§ Sort
§ Set in order
§ Shine
§ Standardize
§ Sustain;
§ Plan
§ Do
§ Check
§ Act

31
Q

– A worldwide federation of accrediting members from over 140 countries

A

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

32
Q

® It is a workplace where diagnostic or other screening procedures are performed on blood or other potentially infectious materials.
® A _____ is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient with regards to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

A

THE CLINICAL LABORATORY

33
Q

what are the 2 classification of the clinical laboratory

A

Government owned
Private owned

34
Q

The clinical lab is operated and
maintained partially or wholly by the
national government, LGU, or other
political unit or any department,
division, board, or agency.

A

Government owned

35
Q

The clinical lab is owned,
established, and operated by any
individual, corporation, association,
or organization.

A

Private owned

36
Q

Concerned with the diagnosis and treatment
of disease performed through laboratory
testing of blood and other fluids.

A

Clinical Pathology

37
Q

Concerned with the diagnosis of diseases
through microscopic examination of tissues
and organs

A

Anatomic Pathology

38
Q

is a clinical laboratory that operates within the premises or part of an institution

A

Institution-based laboratory

39
Q

Also known to be non-hospital laboratories,
is a lab that is not part of an established
institution

A

Free standing laboratory

40
Q

which includes the
following:
o Primary – traditional
o Secondary – conventional that has partially
or semi-automated instruments
o Tertiary – sophisticated with fully automated
machines

A

General Clinical Laboratory

41
Q

This is a laboratory that offers highly specialized lab services that are usually not provided by a general clinical lab which includes:

A

Special Clinical Laboratory

42
Q

is a laboratory in a government hospital, designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain
diseases.

A

National reference laboratory

43
Q

Licensed to perform basic routine laboratory examinations

A

Primary Category

44
Q

® Caters to a larger group of community or residence and can either be hospital-based or non-hospital-based laboratory
® Licensed to perform tests being done by primary category clinical laboratories, along with routine clinical chemistry tests.

A

Secondary Category

45
Q

® This laboratory is licensed to perform tests being done by secondary category clinical laboratories along with other tests.

A

Tertiary Category

46
Q

This section is the common denominator in all 3 category types.
* Which means that the Primary lab, Secondary lab, and Tertiary laboratories all have this section

A

HEMATOLOGY

47
Q

® This is where perform biochemical analysis of body fluids are performed using highly complex and most often fully automated instrumentation.
® This section is common to both secondary and tertiary categories.

A

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

48
Q

® Blood typing and Compatibility testing are the two main activities performed in this section
® It has the following:
* Donor Processing Area
* Transfusion Services

A

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY
(BLOOD BANK TRANSFUSION SERVICES)

49
Q

This is performed to determine if the donor’s blood can be safely transfused. Hence, correct blood type must be given to the patient in need. To do this, ABO Rh blood typing and
antibody screening is done.

A

Compatibility testing

50
Q

Determines if the mother’s serum contains antibodies against the antigens found in
the baby.

A

Prenatal testing

51
Q

Tests for the human Leucocyte antigens
and antibodies prior to organ transfusion

A

Histocompatibility Testing

52
Q

® This is where infectious specimens are processed and analyzed
® Receives almost all clinical specimens including swabs, feces, urine blood, sputum, CSF, synovial fluid, as well as possibly infected tissues.
® This section is mainly concerned with cultures hence, suspected pathogens are looked for and if found, are further identified based on biochemical tests.

A

MICROBIOLOGY

53
Q

® A branch of hematology that was formed to study antigen-antibody reactions which is a diagnostic tool
® It deals with the analysis of serum antibodies of certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents)
® Tests are not only limited to blood serum, but it also includes tests performed on other body fluids such as semen and saliva.

A

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY

54
Q

o Another branch under histopathology
o It is where smears of cells are examined
which are usually taken from the cervix to
identify evidences of cancer, inflammation
and other conditions.
o Pap smear (The Papanicolaou test)

A

Cytopathology or Cytology

55
Q

o Another subsection or branch under
histopathology
o This undertakes examination of organs,
lymph, tumors, fetuses, and other tissues
that are biopsied in surgeries like breast
mastectomy

A

Surgical Pathology

56
Q

This pertains to the study of chromosomes

A

CYTOGENETICS

57
Q

Combines anatomical, chemical, and biochemical techniques where antibodies bound to enzymes and fluorescent dyes are used to detect presence of antigens in tissues

A

Immunohistochemistry

58
Q

National Reference Laboratory for the following:
o Dengue
o Influenza
o Tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria
o Malaria and other Parasites
o Bacterial Enteric diseases
o Measles and other viral exanthems
o Mycology
o Enteroviruses
o Antimicrobial resistance and Emerging diseases
o Confirmatory testing of blood donors and
units

A

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine

59
Q

National Reference Laboratory for the following:
o HIV or AIDS
o Hepatitis
o Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A

San Lazaro Hospital

60
Q

National Reference Laboratory for the following:
o Environmental and Occupational Health
o Toxicology
o Micronutrient Assay

A

East Avenue Medical Center

61
Q

National Reference Laboratory for the following:
o Hematology and Immunohematology

A

National Kidney and Transplant Institute

62
Q

National Reference Laboratory for the following:
o Anatomic Pathology
o Biochemistry

A

Lung Cancer of the Philippines

63
Q

An act of regulating the operation and
maintenance of Clinical Laboratories and
requiring the registration of the same with the
Department if Health, providing penalty for the violation thereof, and for other purposes

A

Republic Act No. 4688

64
Q

Rules and Regulation Governing the
Establishment, Operation and Maintenance of
Clinal Laboratories in the Philippines

A

Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001

65
Q

Defines occupational exposure as
“reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous
membrane or percutaneous contact with
blood or other potentially infectious
materials that may result from the
performance of an employee’s duties”

A

OSHA

PMLS 1 FINALS (10 decks)

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