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PMLS 1 FINALS > PMLS_LEC11 > Flashcards

PMLS_LEC11 Flashcards

1
Q

● Deals with ethical problems associated with medical
practices and bioscience
● also extends to social issues related to health, animal
welfare, and environmental concerns

A

Ethics

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2
Q

→ Presents truths about human acts

A

General Ethics

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3
Q

Involves the application of principles of general ethics in different departments of human activity

A

Special Ethics

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4
Q

A set of norms, values, and principles that serve as guidelines for medical practitioners in making decisions in clinical settings

A

Medical Ethics

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5
Q

Standards/models that governs an
individual/society as to what is considered
acceptable conduct/behavior

A

NORMS

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6
Q

A branch of moral science that deals with how and what a professional should and should not do in the workplace (Hospital or Laboratory)

A

Professional Ethics

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7
Q

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

A

Health

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8
Q

Formal system or set of rules which is explicitly adopted by a group of people

A

Ethics

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9
Q

→ Ethical principles founded on fundamental
principles of right conduct rather than the legalities
→ More concerned with practical than legal issues

A

Morality

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10
Q

Relating to right and wrong

A

MORAL

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11
Q

The way a person perceives what is right and
wrong and how a person responds to them

A

MORAL BEHAVIOR

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12
Q

→ Refers to all important beliefs – not all are ethical,
some are neutral or non-ethical
→ Beliefs of a person or a social group in which they
have emotional investments

A

Values

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13
Q

value is a view of what is desirable or how something should be

A

positive

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14
Q

is undesirable or how something should not be

A

negative

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15
Q

→ Process of becoming more conscious of and naming what we value or consider worthy
→ Process grounded in our capacity for reflective, intelligent, self-directive behavior

A

Value Clarification

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16
Q

Results when personal values are at odds/against the values of other people (friends, colleagues, or the institution)
→ If there are differences with your values and those of others

A

Value Conflict

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17
Q

→ Something owed to an individual according to just
claim, legal guarantees, or moral and ethical
principles

A

Rights

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18
Q

“Legal rights”
→ Guaranteed by laws

A

Welfare Rights

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19
Q

Based on moral or ethical principles
→ usually do not require power of law

A

Ethical Rights

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20
Q

Based on fundamental belief in dignity and freedom of humans

A

Option Rights

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21
Q

Idea that there are many theories of what is right and what is wrong
“The idea that there could be conflicting moral views, yet each are still worthy of respect.

A

MORAL PLURALISM

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22
Q

→ In conformity with the norms of morality
▪ Actions correspond to the standard of society

A

Moral Actions

23
Q

Not in conformity with the norms of morality

A

Immoral Actions

24
Q

Actions which stand neutral in relation to morality

A

Amoral Actions

25
Q

→ Actions which are by its basic nature evil
→ Acts which are evil in itself

A

Intrinsically Evil Actions

26
Q

→ Actions considered evil but certain factors are attached to them by way of circumstances

A

Extrinsically Evil Actions

27
Q

Present in a person who fully intends an act (With intention)

A

Perfection Voluntariness

28
Q

Present in a person who acts without fully realizing what he means to do or without fully intending the act (No intention)

A

Imperfect Voluntariness

29
Q

Present in a person who is forced by circumstances
beyond his control to perform an act which he would
not do under normal conditions

A

Conditional Voluntariness

30
Q

Present in a person doing an act willfully regardless
of whether he likes to do it or not (No choice but still
does it)

A

Simple Voluntariness

31
Q

the act itself and its primary and essential elements

A

Object

32
Q

the purpose, intention, motive, or the reason for
which the act is performed

A

End

33
Q

Accidental aspects surrounding the act
→ These factors are distinct from the act itself and
from the purpose but may affect the morality of the
act

A

Circumstances

34
Q

may create, mitigate, or aggravate the
immorality of an act

A

Circumstances

35
Q

Fundamental rule of moral law containing certain truth from which knowledge of a definite moral action for performance proceeds along with the provision of solution to specific moral problems or issues

A

MORAL PRINCIPLES

36
Q

Principle or primary rule on which something is
based, or it forms a necessary basis, and it is of
central importance
We have this basis of what is right and what is wrong
and we must utilize this to know what is the right
thing to do/performed

A

FUNDAMENTAL

36
Q

Principle or primary rule on which something is
based, or it forms a necessary basis, and it is of
central importance
We have this basis of what is right and what is wrong
and we must utilize this to know what is the right
thing to do/performed

A

FUNDAMENTAL

37
Q

doing what is good

A

PRINCIPLE OF BENEFICENCE

38
Q

Is not doing any harm

A

PRINCIPLE OF NON-MALEFICENCE

39
Q

An act is done with two effects
→ One is good and the other one is evil.

A

PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT

40
Q

Act that is directly intended and the other, evil is
unintended

A

PRINCIPLE OF INDIRECT VOLUNTARY ACT

41
Q

Refers to the expression of one’s responsibility to take
care, nurture, and cultivate what has been entrusted to him
● Refers to the execution of responsibility of the health care practitioners

A

PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP

42
Q

Refers to the moral principle by which certain actions are determined and deemed as just or unjust

A

PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE

43
Q

Is defined as behaving according to what is
morally right and fair

A

JUST

44
Q

Pertains to the evil of an action shared together by
individuals in the achievement of an evil practice

A

PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATION

45
Q

All the parts of the human body, as parts, are meant to exist and function for the good of the whole body
● All decisions in medical ethics must prioritize the good of the entire person, including physical, psychological, and spiritual factors

A

PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY

46
Q

Matters should be handled by the smallest, lowest, or
least centralized competent authority
● Decisions should be taken at a local level, if possible,
rather than by a central authority

A

PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY

47
Q

● Ethics of telling the truth
● Basis of the trust relationship established between a
patient and a health care provider

A

PRINCIPLE OF VERACITY

48
Q

Failure to act and use reasonable care

A

NEGLIGENCE

49
Q

A more specific term that pertains to both the standard of
care and professional status of healthcare provider
● If the person committing a wrong deed is a licensed
professional, then he/she is liable of _________

A

malpractice

50
Q

Lost earning capacity or increased medical
expenses.

A

economic

51
Q

Loss of vision, organ, and limbs.

A

Non-economic

52
Q

The patient could be in severe pain, emotional
distress

A

Psychological

PMLS 1 FINALS (10 decks)

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