PMED2 Flashcards
Navmed P-5010-6
Water supply afloat
What is a raised frame to keep out water?
Coaming
What is the process of distilling plant forms, including evaporation and condensation?
Distillation
What is chlorine available in the forms of hypochlorous acis and hypochlorite forms?
Free available chlorine
What are the two forms of FAC
Hypochlorus and Hypochlorite
What is a unit of length, one millionth of a meter?
Micron
Water that is suitable for human consumption, bathing, laundry, personal hygiene?
Potable Water
What is the reverse of natural osmosis achieved by external application of sufficient reverse pressure to cause the solvent to flow in its unnatural direction?
Reverse Osmosis RO
What are tests used to detect total coliform and E-coli in potable water?
Colilert and Colisure
What are a group of closely related mostley harmless bacteria that live in water as well as in the guts of animals?
Total Coliform
What can indicate the general quality of the water and the likelyhood of water being contaminated with fecal matter?
Total Coliform
What is the standard of drinking water?
The presence or absence pf total coliform bacteria
What does the presence of E-Coli signify
Recent sewage or animal waste contamination as sewage may contain many types of disease causing organisms.
Who is responsible for shipboard potable water systems, including treatment facilities and processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times. They regulate:
Design
Construction
Maintenance
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM)
Who is responsible for promulgating instructions for ship-to-shore potable water connections and for providing potable water from an approved source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility?
Naval facilities engineering command (NAVFACENGCOM)
Who is responsible for establishing and promulgating health standards for water quality afloat?
BUMED
Who promulgates appropriate instructions, notices and other publications to reflect afloat water quality requirements?
BUMED
Who establishes the shipboard requirements for medical surveillance of potable water systems?
BUMED
Who is responsible for issuing the necessary implementing directives to ensure adequate water sanitation standards are provided and enforced in each ship in the command?
Area, fleet and subordinate commanders
Whos responsible for promulgating awater sanitation bill to ensure that procedures for receipt, transfer, treatment, storage, distribution, and surveillance are provided and followed?
CO
Who is responsible to the CO for implementing the requirements of NAVSEASYSCOM
Engineering Dept.
What are the responsibilities of the Eng. Dept for potable water afloat
- Supply and treatment of potable water
- Potable water system components (see TG)
- Ensure all connections are made only by auth. personnel, or in their absence ship personnel who are properly supervised by AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
-Halogen and PH testing.
- Ensuring minimal Halogen residules before adding to the water distribution system.
Who is responsible for Conducting a medical surveillance profram of the potable water system?
MDR
What needs to be done for the med. surveillance program? For water afloat
- Bacteriological testing
- DAILY halogen testing
- MDR shall notify the CO of any discrepancies observed in the potable water distribution system.
Minimum water usage requirements?
50 gallons per day specified by NAVSEASYSCOM.
During water hours it is no less than 2 gallons per man per day.
What are 5 approved water sources? For water at sea
- Distillation, RO, or other NAVSEA approved water production technology.
- Shore to ship delivery from approved source.
- Shore to Ship from unapproved source.
- Ship to ship
- Sea water for fire mains, decon, and marine sanitation devices.
When should you avoid making water?
Harbors or puluted sea water
When ships are close in formation
When stripping or discharging waste or bilge water forward of the saltwater intakes
Who approves public water systems?
EPA
What is the required ppm to recieve water form unnaproved sources?
2.0ppm
What is the required ppm from approved sources?
0.2ppm
What are the types of water production plants?
Distillation
Reverse Osmosis
What are the diffrent types of distillation plants?
Steam distilling plants
Waste heat distilling plant
Vapor Compression type
What are the types of RO?
Single and triple pass
Single - Additional disinfection is requires.
Triple - Additional disinfection is not required
What kind of water cannot be used to fill potable water tanks? Under what circumstances could it be allowed?
BALLAST water. If necessary for the survival of the ship.
Who sets the standard for water tank coatings?
NSF/ANSI
Vents and Overflow lines, what do they do and where can they not be terminated?
Located to reduce accidental contamination.
Unauth:
Food service spaces
Med
Toilets
Electercal
Exterior of ship
Locations of manholes
On top of tank (1/2inch curb or coaming above deck)
On side of tanke (flush ok)
How must sounding tubes be labeled?
POTABLE WATER USE ONLY in dark blue
Filling lines must be:
Clearly labeled
color coded dark blue
18 inches from deck
turned facing downward
screw caps with keeper chains
What do potable water lines that distribute water to non potable tanks need to have?
Air gap
Potable water hose lockers must be:
18 inches off the deck
Vermin proof
Locked
Printed step by step instructions for disinfection of hoses and risers posted conspicuously inside the locker
Potable water hose shall be
Approved for potable water use
Examined routinely
SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE
Capped or coupled and stored in locker
Labels on hose:
POTABLE WATER ONLY with 1 inch high letters every 10 feet
Couplings color coded dark blue
labeling of Valves for receiving or supplying potable water (risers)
Warning plate POTABLE WATER ONLY in 1/4inch high letters
Valves or handles must be dark blue.
Labeling of sounding tubes
Clearly labled with ID plate
Cap will be colored blue
(sounding tubes show how much water is in the tank)
When receiving water from an approved source when must you check the water and what are you cheking?
Halogen levels are tested prior to initial transfer of water.
If not within 0.2 ppm ypu must boot to required levels.
Who does engineering notify prior to making potable water hose connections during water tranfer?
MDR
Who does the MDR make recommendations to based on the Halogen waters of the incoming water from a transfer?
Engineering department rep
What must you do prior to receiving water form a doubtful source?
Investigate amd examine as thoroughly as possible and CO must be advised to the necessary procedures, safeguards ad disinferction.
Minimum halogen 2.0ppm
What can an absence of Halogen indicate in the ships potable water?
Contamination, or id the water was improperly treated or handled
What is bacteriological testing done for?
Ensure fitness for human consumption
Assess adequacy of disinfection process
What must testing requirements conform to?
Standard methods for the Examination of waste and wastewater.
Published by APHA, AWWA, WPCF
What testing requirements are naval vessels EXEMPT from?
Chemical quality, its too complex
Who performs temperature/pH testing?
Engineering dept
What can chlorine NOT exceed?
0.065 Equivalent per Million (epm) or 2.3ppm
Can you perform Salinity testing on halogenated water? Why can you or why can you not
NO, it will cause false results
TABR meaning
Total available bromine
When does the MDR perform halogen testing? and what do they do it in conjunction with?
Daily or prior to receipt of potable water
Done in conjunction with bacterial analysis
What is the contact time required for the engineering department to check the halogen level of potable water tanks?
30 min
When do you perform microbiological quality testing?
Weekly according to a written plan
Who established the maximum conaminent level?
EPA
For microbiological testing how many weekly samples do you need to get?
Population dependant:
400 or less no less than 4 samples
400-800 requires 8 samples
More than 800 requires 12 samples
1/4 of ships ice machines and 1/4 of ships potable water tanks are also included
how often is microbiological testing done on the emergency potable water tank
Monthly
Who approves the methods of microbiological testing and what are the types we use?
EPA
Colilert and Colisure used by the fleet
How many repeat samples will you need to get for a positive microbiological testing? Where will you get them from? How soon must you get them?
Three
-Original serivce connection sourece
- One upstream (5 service connections max)
- One downstream (5 service connections max)
Within 24 hours of positive sample.
For Halogen testing how are chlorine and bromine residuals tested?
Using a DPD (diethyl-p-phenylene diamine) test
DPD #1 - Test for FAC and TABR
DPD #4 - test for chloramines (total chlorine) residule (tests for how much chlorine i put in the water in total)
Halogen testing can be accomplished using what two tests kits and what are the ranges?
Color comparator (accuracy is +- 10%)
Portable spectrophotometer (accuracy +- 2%)
How much water do you need for Halogen testing?
10 mL
Who must you report continual absence of halogen residuals in potable water systems to?
CO and a copy to the chief Engineer
If the color on a color comparator test kit is deeper than 5.0ppm FAC or 11.0ppm FABR what must you do?
Ass and additional DPD tablet and read and record.
What is the advantage of Portable spectrophotometer?
Eliminates human visual subjectivity over color comparator
What manner must collection and preperation of bacteriological testing be performed?
in a manner that will not contaminate the test samples.
What do you collect first halogen or bacteriological testing?
Halogen, collect bacteriological after.
How many mL of water do you need for bacteriological testing? What is already present in the bag for testing?
100mL of tap water and bag has sodium thiosulfate
How long and at what temperature do you incubate bacteriological samples?
for 24 hours at 35C
How do you read colilert and colisure samples?
With a UV light
Colilert rections
Clear is NEGATIVE
Yellow is POS for total coliform
Flourescent yellow is positive for fecal coliform
Colisure Reactions
Yellow is NEGATIVE
Magenta is positive for total cliform
Floutescent light blue is POSITIVE for E. Coli
Where do you record results of bacteriological testing?
Potable water log and/or TMIP.
Include the positive and negative controls
What are the approved methods of disinfecting shipboard potable water?
Chlorine and Bromine
What system injects hypochlorite into system in proportion to the flow of the water?
Automatic chlorine disinfection
How is bromine dispensed? (in general)
Brominator Via resin impregnated cartridge
What are the two types of Brominators?
In-line
-Delivers 0.7ppm bromine during normal operating procedures
- Can deliver 2.0 ppmbromine when necessary
- Required for each water plant
Recirculation Bromine
- Delivers 0.7ppm bromine to water during recirculation
- Boosts bromine in potable water tanks
- Draws water form take then pushes water back into same tank
What is the least desirable method of disinfection of water?
Manual chlorine disinfection (batch method)
- Usually Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH)
- Use the DOSAGE CALCULATOR in p-5010-6
What is the clear slightly yellow liquid reffered to that comes from the manual chlorine disinfection using calcium hypochlorite? What do you do with it?
Supernatant
-pour it into the source for disinfection.
-DONT ALLOW calcium that settles at the bottom back into the source.
What is the chlorine dosage rule of thumb?
One ounce HTH per 5000 gallons of water equals 1.0 ppm FAC
What must you do if the ships brominator cannot achieve a TBR of 2.0ppm
Water must be chlorinated using the Batch method
How long is the contact time fr checking halogen residuals fater disinfection of potable water? (approved and non approved sources)
Approved is 0.2 ppm FAC/TBR after 30 min
Non approved is 2.0 ppm FAC/TBR after 30min
How many methods of disinfecting potable water SYSTEMS are there?
3 Methods
What must be done after disinfecting potable water systems and after adding potable water, before use of the water?
Bacteriological testing
Method 1 of sanitizing?
- Fill tank
- add chlorine 10ppm FAC
- Hold solution for 24 hours
- Drain tank
- Refill with potable water
- Bacterialogical testing
Method 2 of sanitizing?
- Spray 200ppm FAC to tank surface
- Flush inlet/outlet with 10ppm FAC
- Contact with chlorine must remain for minimum of 30 min
- refill tank with potable water
- Perform bacterialogical testing
Method 3 of sanitizing?
- Fill 5% of tank volume with 50ppm FAC
- Hold solution for 6 hours
- add potable water to chlorine solution to fill tank
- Hold for 24 hours
- Drain
- Refill tank with potable water
- Perform bacterialogical testing
What are the methods of dealing with tatse/odor if source cannot be ID
Chlorination method
- Chlorinate 5.0ppm FAC
- Distribute at 2.0ppm FAC
Steam method
MUST BE APPROVED BY NAVSEASYSCOM
- Boil sample water for one minute
- If taste/odor is improved steam method is viable
- If taste/ordor is not improved steam treatment will not work
Requesting outside assitance
-Contact NEPMU via TYCOM Medical officer
-If problem cannot be resolved or suspected tank coatings. notify NAVSEASYSCOM via COC
-Includes Naval sea support center (NAVSEACEN) or in-service engineering Agent (ISEA)
For storing of ready to use Calcium Hypochlorite as a READY TO USE STOCK What % is it and how do i store it. How many days worth can i have stored?
65-70%
Stores n cool, dry well ventilated place
*Metal box such as first aid locker with THREE 1/4inch holes drilled into the bottom of the box to release chlorine gas
No more that 7 days worth!
For storing Calcium Hypochlorite as STORE ROOM STOCK what % and where is it stored, what are some restrictions to the condition of the store room and how much supply will be stores. Who has access? How will it be labeled?
In ventilated lockers or bins
Max temp will NOT exceed 100 F and not subject to condensation or water accumulation.
Must not be adjacent to magazine and five feet away from anything that reaches 140 F.
No more than 48 six ounce bottles in any individual bin/locker
Issue only to Medical and engineering officer.
All lockers or bins are labeled with “Hazardous material, Calcium Hypochlorite” on RED LETTER WITH WHITE BACKROUND
Storing bromine Cartridges requirements
Lockers must have HAZARDOUS WARNING PLATE
Shelf life of two years from date of manufacture
Where must the water sanitation bill be posted?
Conspicuously in areas where potable water amd associated materials are processe, treated and stored.
Where is potable water testing recorded?
Potable water log
Who maintains the potable water log?
MDR
How long must you maintain records of potable water testing and where?
2 year chronological record of potable water surveillance in the potable water log.
which distillation plant use electrical energy
Vapor Compression
What distillation plant uses Heat derived from diesel engine jacket water?
Waste heat distilling plant
What distilling plant uses steam supplied by power plant or auxiliary border?
Steam distilling plant
Who approves water production methods at sea?
NAVSEA
What do potable water lines which distribute potable water to non potable water tanks need to have?
Must have an air gap or approved and appropriate backflow prevention
What are the proper procedures that must be followed when reviewing and transferring water via approved sources to prevent contamination
- Halogen shall be tested prior to the initial transfer of water
- potable water connections between ship and shore must be supervised by authorized personnel
- engineering will notify MDR prior to making potable water hose connections
- MDR will test halogen residual and make recommendation to the engineering rep
- potable water hose shall NOT be submerged
Who must you advise relative to the necessary procedures, safeguards and disinfection during potable water transfer from unsafe sources?
Commanding Officer
