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PM3 Flashcards

1
Q

Research is undertaken in order to find out things in a systematic way, with a clear purpose to increase knowledge?

A

True

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2
Q

how is data collected?

A

systematically

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3
Q

how is data interpreted?

A

systematically

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4
Q

what is the purpose of research

A

to find out things

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5
Q
  1. Here are four objectives of applied research. Which objectives is the most accurate?
    a) Discovering (new) information.
    b)Discovering a (new) understanding.
    c) Discovering (new) recommendations
    d)Discovering a (new) model
A

Discovering a new understanding

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6
Q

What types or research PURPOSES exist
a) Expanatory, Discretionary, Evaluative,Exploring
b) Explaning, Exploring, Describing, Evaluating
c) Exploratory, Expanatory, Descriptive, Evaluative

A

Explanatory, Exploratory, Descriptive, Evaluative

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7
Q

Which research purpose is the following:
Aims to seek new insights into phenomena to ask questions and assess it in a new light
a) Exploratory
b) Descriptive
c) Expanatory
d) Evaluative

A

Exploratory

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8
Q

which research purpose is the following:
the purpose is to produce an accurate representation of people, events, situations
a) Exploratory
b) Descriptive
c) Expanatory
d) Evaluative

A

Descriptive

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9
Q

which research purpose is the following:
focuses on on studying a situation or a problem in order to explain the relationship between variables
a) Exploratory
b) Descriptive
c) Expanatory
d) Evaluative

A

Explanatory

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10
Q

Which research purpose is the following:
it is used to find out how well something works
a) Exploratory
b) Descriptive
c) Expanatory
d) Evaluative

A

Evaluative

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11
Q

what is the aim of the fundamental/basic research?
a) basic research makes use of a given theory or model.
b) basic research is intended to expand the boundaries of knowledge.
c) basic research is aiming to solve any kind of problem.
d) basic research findings will lead to specific applications.

A

B
Expanding the boundaries of knowledge

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12
Q
  1. Here are four definitions of applied research. Which definition is the most accurate?
    a) A detailed study aimed at discovering (new) information in an unplanned way.
    b) A detailed study aimed at discovering (new) information in a systematic way.
    c) A detailed study to reach a (new) understanding in a systematic way.
    d) A detailed study to reach a (new) understanding in an unplanned way.
A

C

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13
Q

A researcher decides to do research to answer the following research question: “What are the main factors that contribute to whistle-blowers’ decision to voice towards external authorities?”
Although the researcher has a few ideas regarding what might trigger someone to whistle blow, they have little knowledge about the topic. What is the type of research?
a) Explanatory
b) Exploratory
c) Desacriptive
d) Evaluative

A

Exploratory

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14
Q

what research is based on numerical info?
a) Quantitative research
b) Qualitative research
c) Numerical

A

Quantitative research

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15
Q

what research is not based on quantitative info
a) Quantitative research
b) Qualitative research
c) Nominal

A

qualitative research

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16
Q

Which statement below best shows the six steps necessary to do business research?
a) Define research project, do desk research, define methodology, do research, analyse, conclude & recommend.
b) Define business problem, analyse, define research project, define methodology, do research, summarize & recommend.
c) Define business problem, define research project, define methodology, do research, analyse, conclude & recommend.
d) Define business problem, do desk research, define research project, define methodology, do research, analyse & recommend.

A

C
Define business problem
define research project
define methodology
do research
analyze
conclude and recommend

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17
Q

Which option below correctly sequences the first 3 steps of the Business Research process?
a) i) Define business problem ii) Define business research project including theoretical framework iii) Define method.
b) i) Define business problem ii) Define theoretical framework iii) Define method..
c) i) Define business problem ii) Define business problem. iii) Define method.
d) i) Define business problem ii) Define method. iii) Do research

A

A

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18
Q

what type of research is this?
Research into the lifestyle of Roman people in Northern Europe
a) Fundamental research
b) Applied research

A

Fundamental research

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19
Q

research into the views of parents and children on the quality of education given at southern School Kensington

A

Applied research

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20
Q

At the request of school principals from different schools, a study is carried out into how the youth perceive drinking at school parties. This kind of research is:

A

Fundamental and qualitative

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21
Q

what is theory developing research called
a) deductive
b) applied research
c) inductive
d) fundamental research

A

inductive

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22
Q

what is theory testing research called
a) deductive
b) applied research
c) inductive
d) fundamental research

A

deductive

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23
Q

Typically a research question has one SQ

A

false

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24
Q

Theoretical frameworks can be based on various information sources. Which source is suitable for basing a theoretical framework upon:
a) A theoretical framework can be based on a theory.
b) A theoretical framework can be based on a model.
c) A theoretical framework can be based on a definition.
d) A theoretical framework can be based on a topic guide.

A

A theoretical model ca be used on a topic guide

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25
Q

The theoretical contribution triangle is comprised of three theories:
a) Grand theories, Medium-ranged theories and substantial theories
b) Grand theories, middle-ranged theories and substantive theories

A

B

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26
Q

A structured plan of the proposed research project, which expresses the research topic as a cleraly defined research question is called:
a) report
b) research proposal
c) theoretical frmawork
d) research brief

A

B

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27
Q

Grand theories, middle-range theories and substantive theories are Types of theoretical contribution

A

True

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28
Q

what types of critical approach exist
a) critique of truth, of history, of tradition and authority
b) critique of rethoric, of skills, of authority and objectivity
c) critique of rethoric, of tradition, authority and objectivity

A

C
Critique of rethoric, of tradition, of authority, and objectivty

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29
Q

what tipe of litirature is this:
lit dealing with a new subject or a new perspective on a subject
a) Primary lit
b) secondary lit
c) tertiary lit
d) gray lit

A

primary lit

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30
Q

what tipe of litirature is this:
lit that reports on the serch findings of another scientist
a) Primary lit
b) secondary lit
c) tertiary lit
d) gray lit

A

secondary lit

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31
Q

what tipe of litirature is this:
lit that contains synopses of primary and secondary lit
a) Primary lit
b) secondary lit
c) tertiary lit
d) gray lit

A

tertiary lit

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32
Q

what tipe of litirature is this:
lit that is unpublished and is not generally available
a) Primary lit
b) secondary lit
c) tertiary lit
d) gray lit

A

gray lit

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33
Q

journals are periodicals that are published on a regular basis

A

true

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34
Q

what type of journal is this:
journals evaluated by academic peers prior to publishing to assess their quality and suitability
a) refereed academic journals
b) non-refereed journals
c) professional journals
d) trade journals

A

refereed academic journals

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35
Q

what type of journal is this:
the journals will have an editor and possibly an editorial board with subject knowledge to select articles
a) refereed academic journals
b) non-refereed academic journals
c) professional journals
d) trade journals

A

non-refereed academic journals

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36
Q

what type of journal is this:
journals produced for their members by organizations
a) refereed academic journals
b) non-refereed journals
c) professional journals
d) trade journals

A

professional journals

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37
Q

what type of journal is this:
journals published by trade organizations or are aimed for specific industries
a) refereed academic journals
b) non-refereed journals
c) professional journals
d) trade journals

A

trade journals

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38
Q

systemic review is a process of reviewing lit by using a preplanned strategy

A

true

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39
Q

scoping study is used to assess wether or not other systematic reviews have been conducted

A

true

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40
Q
  1. When referencing a book, according to APA6 you will add the book aspects items
    a) Author name, year of issue, book title, country, editor name, edition
    b) Author name, year of issue, chapter title, country, editor name.
    c) Author name, year of issue, book title, town of birth of author, editor name.
    d) Author name, year of issue, source title, country.
A

A
Author, year of issue, book title, country, editor name, edition

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41
Q
  1. When referencing a chapter in an edited book, according to APA6 you will add the book aspects items
    a) Author name, year of issue, book title, country, editor name.
    b) Author name (editor name), year of issue, chapter title, country, author of book, title of chapter, title and subtitle of book, edition, page numbers of chapter
    c) Author name, year of issue, book title, town of birth of author, editor name.
    d) Author name, year of issue, source title, country.
A

B
Author name (editor name), year of issue, country, author of book, title of chapter, title and subtitle of book, edition, page numbers of chapter

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42
Q

how to reference a journal:
a) Author name, year of issue, book title, country, editor name, edition
b) Author name, year of issue, title of article, title of journal, volume, part/issue, page numbers
c) Author name, year of issue, book title, town of birth of author, editor name.
d) Author name, year of issue, source title, country.

A

B
Author name, year of issue, title of article, title of journal, volume, part/issue, page numbers

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43
Q

What types of Methodological choices exist (ex. qualitative, quantittative and …..

A

Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed method approach

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44
Q

what types of quantitative methods exist
a) numerical, ordinal methods
b) mono and multi-quntitative methods

A

Mono method quantitative and Multi-method quantitative studies

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45
Q

What types of qualitative research designes exist
a) Mono and multi method qualitative studies
b) nominal and objective studies

A

Mono and multi method qualitative studies

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46
Q

what types of mixed method approach designes exist
a) mono and multi-methods
b) simple and complex

A

simple and complex

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47
Q

the independant variable is not manipulated or changed in order to measure its impact on a dependant variable

A

False it is manipulated

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48
Q

The ground theory referes to a theory that is grounded in or devdeloped inductively from a set of data. it can be used to refere to a methodology

A

True

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49
Q

what are threats to reliability:
a) Participant error, participant bias, researcher error, researcher bias
b) Past or recent events, testing, instrumentation, mortality, maturation, ambiguity about casual direction
c) dependability, credibility, transferability, authenticity criteria

A

Participant error, participant bias, researcher error, researcher bias

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50
Q

what are threats of internal validity:
a) Participant error, participant bias, researcher error, researcher bias
b) Past or recent events, testing, instrumentation, mortality, maturation, ambiguity about casual direction
c) dependability, credibility, transferability, authenticity criteria

A

Past or recent events, testing, instrumentation, mortality, maturation, ambiguity about casual direction

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51
Q

what are qulity criteria:
a) Participant error, participant bias, researcher error, researcher bias
b) Past or recent events, testing, instrumentation, mortality, maturation, ambiguity about casual direction
c) dependability, credibility, transferability, authenticity criteria

A

dependability, credibility, transferability, authenticity criteria

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52
Q

Primary data is info collected for a specific purpose

A

true

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53
Q

Exploratory research is:
a) mostly qualitative, used to gather information to define the problem
b) mostly quantitative, used to gather information to describe a problem

A

a) mostly qualitative, used to gather information to define the problem

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54
Q

Descriptive research is:
a) mostly qualitative, used to describe things
b) mostly quantitative, used to describe things

A

mostly quantitative, used to describe things

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55
Q

Casual research is:
a) mostly qualitative, tests hypotheses about cause and problem relationship
b) mostly quantitative, tests hypotheses about couse and effect relationships

A

b) mostly quantitative, tests hypotheses about couse and effect relationships

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56
Q

what types of questionaires exist?
a) self made and researcher completed
b) self completed and researcher made
c) self completed and researcher completed

A

self completed and researcher completed

57
Q

self-completed questionaires are:
a) internet, SMS, Postal, Delivery and collection questionaires
b) telephone and face to face questionaires

A

a) internet, SMS, Postal, Delivery and collection questionaires

58
Q

researcher completed questionaires are:
a) internet, SMS, Postal, Delivery and collection questionaires
b) telephone and face to face questionaires (structured interviews)

A

b) telephone and face to face questionaires (structured interviews)

59
Q

what is the definition of Census:
a) collecting and analyzing data from every possible case or group member
b) the full set of cases or elements from which a sample is taken
c) subgroup or part of a larger population

A

a) collecting and analyzing data from every possible case or group member

60
Q

Target population is:
a) the full set of cases or elements from which a sample is taken
b) a subset of the population which is the actual focus or target of the research inquiry
c) subgroup or part of a larger population

A

b) a subset of the population which is the actual focus or target of the research inquiry

61
Q
  1. In doing research, a researcher has to decide which part of a population will best be positioned to respond to the researcher’s question. The process of respondent selection is also known as:
    a) Weighting.
    b) Sampling.
    c) Sifting.
    d) Seaving.
A

b) sampling

62
Q
  1. The entire collection of people, elements, scores, or measurements to which conclusions are applied is known as:
    a) A population.
    b) An experimental design.
    c) A subject.
    d) A sample.
A

a) a population

63
Q

a sampling frmame is
a) for any probability sample is a complete list of all the cases in the target population from which your sample will be drawn.
b) Sampling techniques enable you to reduce the amount of data you need to collect by considering only data from a subgroup rather than all possible cases or elements.

A

a) for any probability sample is a complete list of all the cases in the target population from which your sample will be drawn.

64
Q

what types of sampling exist

A

Probability and Non-probability

65
Q

examples of probability sampling are:
a) Quota, Purposive, Volunteer, Haphazard
b) Simple random, systematic, stratified and cluster

A

Simple random, systematic, stratified and cluster

66
Q

examples of non-probability sampling are:
a) Quota, Purposive, Volunteer, Haphazard, Snowball
b) Simple random, systematic, stratified and cluster

A

Quota, Purposive, Volunteer, Haphazard, Snowball

67
Q

which probability sampling is this:
ensures each case in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
a) Simple random
b) Quota
c) stratified
d) Cluster

A

Simple random sampling

68
Q

Which probability sampling is this:
the initial sampling point is selected at random and the cases are slected at regular intervals
a) Simple random
b) Quota
c) stratified
d) Systematic

A

Systematic random sampling

69
Q
  1. Select a statement here below which best explains what a random sampling is. A truly random sample of the general population is obtained by one of the following processes:
    a) Selecting an individual from every fourth house on a street.
    b) Allocating each individual a unique number and using a computer to randomly generate numbers for selection.
    c) Selecting every individual with a surname beginning with the letter S
    d) Closing your eyes and sticking a pin into a telephone directory.
A

b) Allocating each individual a unique number and using a computer to randomly generate numbers for selection.

70
Q

which probability sampling method is this:
the population is divided into two or more relevant strata and a random (sistematic or simple) is drawn from each of the strata
a) Simple random
b) Quota
c) Stratified
d) Cluster

A

Stratified random sampling

71
Q

Suppose you do research among college students in New York State. In 2009, there are 9 colleges in this state, varying in size. You draw your sample from this population by selecting students from each college randomly. The number you draw are related to the size of the college. What kind of sample are you using here?
a) Cluster
b) Random
c) Stratified
d) Systematic

A

stratified

72
Q

Which random sampling method is this:
the population is divided into descreet groups of clusters prior to the sampling. a random sample simple or systemtic and these clusters are drawn
a) Simple random
b) Quota
c) Stratified
d) Cluster

A

Cluster sampling

73
Q

which non-probability samling method is this:
the sample represents certain charateristics of the population chosen by the researcher
a) Quota
b) Purposive
c) Volunteer
d) Haphazard

A

Quota

74
Q

Consider the following research:
A large chain of supermarkets commissions you to do research into a price war. They are expecting shoppers to be queuing at the doors. The intention is to interview as many men, women, older people, as well as younger people.
Which sampling method do you need to use?
a) Cluster sampling
b) Simple random sampling
c) Quota sampling
d) Convenience sampling

A

Quota sampling

75
Q

which non-probability sampling method is this:
the judjement of the researcher is used to select the cases that make up the sample
a) Quota
b) Purposive
c) Stratified
d) Haphazard

A

purposive sampling

76
Q

which non-probability sampling method is this:
Participants are volunteered or self-selected to be part of the research
a) Quota
b) Cluster
c) Volunteer
d) Haphazard

A

volunteer

77
Q

which non-probability sampling method id this:
subsequent respondants are obtsined from information provided by initial respondants
a) Quota
b) Purposive
c) Snowball
d) Haphazar

A

Snowball sampling

78
Q
  1. The researchers would like to distribute a link to an online questionnaire. The first step is to send an email to 100 people which they judge to be relevant. They then ask these people to forward that link to their contacts. What type of sampling is this?
    a) A non-profitability sampling, known as quota sampling.
    b) A profitability sampling, known as stratified sampling.
    c) A probability sampling, known as cluster sampling.
    d) A non-profitability sampling, known as snowball sampling.
A

A non-probability samplink, known as snowball sampling

79
Q

which non-probability sampling method is this:
cases are selected without any obvious pricinples of organizations

A

Haphazard

80
Q

what are the two types of Vokunteer non-probability sampling methods:
a) heterogeneous and homogeneous
b) Typical case and Critical case
c) Self selection and snowball
d) concenience and opportunistic

A

C

81
Q

which of the following is a non-probability haphazard sampling method:
a) Quota
b) Convenience
c) Opportunistic
d) Snowball

A

B

82
Q

which non-probability sampling method is this:
cases are selected only on the basis that they are easiest to obtain
a) Purposive
b) Convenience
c) Opportunistic
d) Snowball

A

Conveniance sampling

83
Q

researchers usually work with 100% level of certainty (margin of error)

A

False, they usually work with 95%

84
Q

Assume the non-response rate is 75%. The minimum required sample size is 30. To at least how many persons do we have to send our online survey to receive enough responses to be able to perform reliable statistics?
1. 100
2. 225
3. 180
4. 120

A

120
100% -75% = 25% - response rate
25% x 4 = 100%
30 x 4 = 120
100% = 120

85
Q
  1. You want to derive reliable data from a survey you are holding. You assume a response rate of 20%. You assume that a minimum sample size of 50 responses is necessary to assure reliability. What is the minimum number of persons to whom you must send your online survey in order to receive 50 responses?
    a) 50.
    b) 250.
    c) 200.
    d) 100.
A

250
(response rate) 20% = 50 (answers) in order to get to 100% you need 5x20% = 100%
5x50 = 250 responses
100% = 250

86
Q

what types of interviews exist
a) probability and non-probability
b) structured and unstructured
c) standerdized and non-standerdized
d) B and C are correct

A

structured (standerdized) and non-structured

87
Q

which type of interview is this:
interviews are conducted using research-completed questionnaires

A

standerdized (structured)

88
Q

whic interview type is this:
semi-structured and unstructered interviews

A

non-standerdized interviews

89
Q

what types of standerdized (structured) interviews exist

A

research completed

90
Q

what types of non-standerdized interviews exist
a) researcher completed
b) semi-structured
c) in-depth interviews
d) B and C are correct

A

semi-structiured and in-depth (unstructured) interviews

91
Q

what are the two types of in-depth (unstructured interviews)
a) both B and D are correct
b) dialogic interviews
c) mobile phone interviews
d) Contingent inteviews

A

A
dialogic and contigent interviews

92
Q

contigent interviews are:
a) the interviewer works to establish rapport with the interviewee and to gain her or his trust, to engage reflexively to allow a more open discussion to occur in which pre-conceived ideas and beliefs may be evaluated.
b) an unstructured, in-depth interview, with the interviewer also seeking to develop rapport. At this point, the interviewee is given the opportunity to talk freely in relation to the topic area being explored. This is an informant interview

A

b) An unstructured, in-depth interview, with the interviewer also seeking to develop rapport. At this point, the interviewee is given the opportunity to talk freely in relation to the topic area being explored. This is an informant interview

93
Q

Which data collection method would you choose for your research into the effect of new medicine for patients with Lymes’ disease? You want to understand how patients feel about the new medicine after 3 months. Which data collection method would you use?
1. Group discussion
2. Phone survey
3. In-depth interviews
4. All make sense

A

in-depth interviews

94
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
Interviews that are conducted on a one-to-one basis, between you and a single participant
a) two-to-many interviews
b) face to face interviews
c) one-to-one interviews
d) group interviews
c) focus groups

A

One-to -one interviews

95
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
two interviewers may conduct an interview, such as in the case of a group interview, where one interviewer leads the discussion and the other acts as principal note taker
a) two-to-many interviews
b) face to face interviews
c) one-to-one interviews
d) group interviews
c) focus groups

A

two-to-many interviews

96
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
Quantitative/ Qualitative open, semi-structured meeting with your participant in person, may encourage open discussion, leading to data that are rich and free from bias, given the scope to explore and check understandings during this meeting, it also allows you to build rapport:
a) two-to-many interviews
b) face to face interviews
c) one-to-one interviews
d) group interviews
c) focus groups

A

face-to-face interview

97
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
one-to-many or two-to-many, in particular situations it will be advantageous to interview participants together:
a) two-to-many interviews
b) face to face interviews
c) one-to-one interviews
d) group interviews
c) focus groups

A

group interviews

98
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
a specific form of group interview, where interaction between participants is encouraged. The person conducting a focus group plays the role of a facilitator encouraging the discussion, rather than an interviewer asking questions
a) two-to-many interviews
b) face to face interviews
c) one-to-one interviews
d) group interviews
c) focus groups

A

Focus groups

99
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
use of visual images in relation to observation research and noted that images may also be used in research interviews. Visual images may be used in face-to-face interviews and in some group interviews, including focus groups:
a) two-to-many interviews
b) face to face interviews
c) visual interviews
d) group interviews
c) focus groups

A

Visual interviews

100
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
Non-verbal behavior not visible, structured, long, observer bias, small sample, labor intensive
a) ethnorgaphy/observation
b) telephone and internet-mediated interviews
c) historical and narative research

A

ethnorgaphy/observation

101
Q

which interview type is this (based on number of participants):
Focus on one or few cases, in depth, observer bias, labor intensive, not generalizable
a) ethnorgaphy/observation
b) telephone and internet-mediated interviews
c) qualitative case study

A

Qualitative case study

102
Q

interviews conducted in real time using email, instant messages or web conferencing are:
a) synchronous
b) asynchronous

A

synchronous

103
Q

interviews not conducted in real time using email and text messages are called:
a) synchronous
b) asynchronous

A

asynchronous

104
Q

To evaluate his last English test, Mrs. Pedantisimo records the percentage of questions answered correctly by each of her students. Which scale of measurement does Mrs. Pedantisimo use to record these data?
a) Interval.
b) Nominal.
c) Ratio.
d) Ordinal.

A

Ratio

105
Q

A film critic lists the top 100 greatest movies of all time. She uses the five star rating system from IMDb, also known as Internet Movie Database. Which scale of measurement is being used in the given scenario?
a) Ordinal.
b) Nominal.
c) Interval.
d) Ratio.

A

Ordinal

106
Q

Determine the measurement level of the following variables:
* Holiday destination
* Number of hours spent on the plane
* Quality of the food on board a plane
1. Ordinal, interval, nominal
2. Ordinal, ratio, nominal
3. Nominal, interval, ratio
4. Nominal, ratio, ordinal

A

Nominal, ratio, ordinal

107
Q

What is the measurement level (scale) of the following variables?
* Rainfall in millimetres
* The weather

A

Ratio, nominal

108
Q

interval scale measures temperature, dates and times

A

true

109
Q

non-numerical data which measures a characteristic e.g color, gender, is called:
a) categorical data
b) numerical data
c) non-numerical data

A

a) categorical

110
Q

frequency distribution
a) a list of each category of data and the number of occurances for each category
b) number of times an event occures divided by the total number of events occuring in a given scenario

A

a list of each category of data and the number of occurances for each category

111
Q

This chart is suitable for displaying data measured with Nominal and Ordinal Sclae - Categorical data
a) historgam
b) bar chart
c) pie chart
d) line graph

A

Pie chart

112
Q

this chart is sutable for displaying data measured with a Ratio scale - Categorical data
a) historgam
b) bar chart
c) pie chart
d) line graph

A

Bar chart

113
Q

what are the two possible chartrs for displaying Categorical data
a) pie and bar charts
b) histograms and line graph

A

pie and bar charts

114
Q

what chart is suitable for displaying data measured with interval and ratio scale (numerical data). it is suitable for continuous variables, it displays the median of the dataset and frequencies of value. tha bars are connected:
a) historgam
b) bar chart
c) pie chart
d) line graph

A

Historgam

115
Q

this graph is used for measuring numerical data, it is continuous, and displays data with min. interval scale:
a) historgam
b) bar chart
c) pie chart
d) line graph

A

Line graph

116
Q

what are the two possible chartrs for displaying numerical data
a) pie and bar charts
b) historgams and line graphs

A

histogram and line graph

117
Q

range is:
a) obtained from the differece between the largest and the smallest values in a data set
b) the value in a data set that occures the most
c) the exact middle observation in a set of numerically ordered observations
d) avaerage valu calculated by dividing the number of values by the sum of all the values

A

a) obtained from the differece between the largest and the smallest values in a data set

118
Q

mode is:
a) obtained from the differece between the largest and the smallest values in a data set
b) the value in a data set that occures the most
c) the exact middle observation in a set of numerically ordered observations
d) avaerage valu calculated by dividing the number of values by the sum of all the values

A

b) the value in a data set that occures the most

119
Q

median is:
a) obtained from the differece between the largest and the smallest values in a data set
b) the value in a data set that occures the most
c) the exact middle observation in a set of numerically ordered observations
d) avaerage valu calculated by dividing the number of values by the sum of all the values

A

c) the exact middle observation in a set of numerically ordered observations

120
Q

mean/average is:
a) obtained from the differece between the largest and the smallest values in a data set
b) the value in a data set that occures the most
c) the exact middle observation in a set of numerically ordered observations
d) average value calculated by dividing the number of values by the sum of all the values

A

d) average value calculated by dividing the number of values by the sum of all the values

121
Q

Variance is:
a) average SQUARED difference from the mean
it is used to assess the deviation of all observations to the mean
b) halps gain insight into how observations correlate, and how the scores of variables are dispersed

A

a) average SQUARED difference from the mean
it is used to assess the deviation of all observations to the mean

122
Q

standard diviation is the square root of Variance and it is used due to having a more complex formula

A

false the standerd deviation formula is a simplified formula of Variance

123
Q

which histogram is an ideal historgam where
mode - number that ocures the most (longest bar)
median - exactly the middle value (of all bars)
Mean - sum of all values devided by the number of values
all three are in the midle and are all equal
a) left-skewed historgam
b) right-skewed histogram
c) symmetric historgam

A

symmetric histogram

124
Q

which historgam the mode is on the left, the median is on the right, and the mean is on the furthest right and the slope is on the right side
a) left-skewed historgam
b) right-skewed histogram
c) symmetric historgam

A

Right-skewed histogram

125
Q

which histogram has the mean on the left, the median in the middle and the mode on the right and the slope is on the left
a) left-skewed historgam
b) right-skewed histogram
c) symmetric historgam

A

left-skewed historgam

126
Q

mean=median=mode
a) left-skewed historgam
b) right-skewed histogram
c) symmetric historgam

A

symmetric histogram

127
Q

mean -> median -> mode
a) left-skewed historgam
b) right-skewed histogram
c) symmetric historgam

A

left-skewed histogram

128
Q

mode-> median-> mean
a) left-skewed historgam
b) right-skewed histogram
c) symmetric historgam

A

right-skewed histogram

129
Q

Structured interviews are normally used to gather data wich will then be the subject of:
a) qualitative analysis
b) inductive analysis
c) quantitative analysis
d) deductive analysis

A

C

130
Q

If every 10th name on a list is selected this is what type of sampling:
a) probability, stratified sampling
b) non-probability systematic sampling
c) non-probability purposive sampling
d) probability, systematic sampling

A

D

131
Q

Reliability is the extent to which the research is free of …….. errors
a) systematic
b) random

A

B

132
Q

Validity is the extent to which the research is free of ……. errors
a) random
b) systematic

A

B

133
Q

Valid data measures what it is supposed to measure

A

true

134
Q

What are characteristics of a good research topic
a) appropriateness, capability, objectivity
b) capability, fulfillment, applicability
c) appropriateness, fulfillment, capability

A

C

135
Q

the first of the three cycles of the Action research spiral is:
a) Understanding the customer and project
b) Acting on knowledge
c) Testing out the issues

A

C

136
Q

the second cycle in the three cycles of the Action research spiral is:
a) Understanding the customer and project
b) Acting on knowledge
c) Testing out the issues

A

A

137
Q

the third cycle in the three cycles of the Action research spiral is:
a) Understanding the customer and project
b) Acting on knowledge
c) Testing out the issues

A

B

138
Q

The forms of critical review are
a) integrative review, theoretical review, historical review, systematic and analytical
b) integrative, theoretical, historical, methodological and systematic reviews

A

B

139
Q

A mediating variable transmits the effect of an independent variable to a dependent variable

A

True

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