PLT Theorists

Question 1

Came up with ZPD

Answer 1

Vygotsky

Question 2

Came up with Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 2

Maslow

Question 3

Emphasized the importance of culture; said culture dictates what we learn and how

Answer 3

Vygotsky

Question 4

Said language is made possible because of our culture and social processes

Answer 4

Vygotsky

Question 5

Vygotsky’s 3 stages in speech development

Answer 5

1. Social Speech-controls behavior of others
2. Egocentric Speech (3-7 y/o)-talking to self to learn
3. Inner Speech-soundless speech

Question 6

The discrepancy between a child’s mental age and the level he reaches in solving problems with assistance

Answer 6

Zone of Proximal Development

Question 7

Bottom to top of Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 7

Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Belonging Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization

Question 8

Said that learning is n active process where learners construct new ideas based on past knowledge

Answer 8

Bruner

Question 9

Theorist behind discovery and inquiry learning

Answer 9

Bruner

Question 10

Said instruction must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that make a student willing and able to learn; it should be structured; it should fill the gaps

Answer 10

Bruner

Question 11

Said education must engage with and enlarge experience; emphasized exploration and reflective thinking

Answer 11

Dewey

Question 12

Theorist behind cooperative learning

Answer 12

Dewey

Question 13

Came up with Multiple Intelligences

Answer 13

Howard Gardner

Question 14

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Answer 14

Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist

Question 15

Theorist behind psychosocial development

Answer 15

Erikson

Question 16

Theorists behind cognitive development

Answer 16

Piaget, Vygotsky

Question 17

Focused on observation learning

Answer 17

Bandura

Question 18

Focused on the idea of self-regulation and self-concept

Answer 18

Bandura

Question 19

Theorist who focused on operant conditioning

Answer 19

Skinner

Question 20

Said you can extinguish an undesirable behavior and replace it with a desirable behavior by reinforcement (behavior modification)

Answer 20

Skinner

Question 21

Said you can extinguish an undesirable behavior and replace it with a desirable behavior by reinforcement (behavior modification)

Answer 21

Skinner

Question 22

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 22

Sensoriomotor: senses/motor skills used to understand world
Pre operational: 2-7 years old
Concrete Operations: logical thought processes
Formal Operations: hypothetical thinking; abstract thought

Question 23

skills to explore environment and gain knowledge

Answer 23

schemas

Question 24

placing a new object into an old schema

Answer 24

assimilation

Question 25

changing an old schema to make a new object fit

Answer 25

accommodation

Question 26

the term Piaget used for what we call "learning"

Answer 26

Adaptation

Question 27

Theory that says knowledge is constructed by individuals through interactions with the environment

Answer 27

Constructivism

Question 28

A phenomenon where something that was previously learned facilitates or hinders current learning

Answer 28

Transfer

Question 29

means "learning how to learn" or "thinking about thinking"; includes these 3 elements

Answer 29

Metacognition; developing plan of action, maintaining/monitoring plan, evaluating plan

Question 30

A temporary learning aid designed to help a student grow in independence as a learner

Answer 30

Scaffolding

Question 31

Elements of scaffolding

Answer 31

- provides clear directions - clarifies purpose - keeps students on task - offers assessment to clarify expectations - IDs best sources to find info - reduces surprise, disappointment, uncertainty - delivers efficiency - creates momentum

Question 32

Motivation where people do things because they want to

Answer 32

Intrinsic

Question 33

Motivation where a person works on a task because they believe participation will result in positive outcomes

Answer 33

Extrinsic motivation

Question 34

Happens when something that was previously learned helps current learning

Answer 34

Positive transfer

Question 35

Happens when something that was previously learned hinders current learning

Answer 35

Negative transfer

Question 36

Appropriate time for learning

Answer 36

Readiness

Question 37

Bloom's Taxonomy (bottom to top) (6)

Answer 37

``` Knowledge Understanding Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation ```

Question 38

Internal representation of the world; organization of concepts and actions revised by new info about the world; how info is organized

Answer 38

Schemata

Question 39

Examples of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 39

Intrinsic: assignments students enjoy Extrinsic: reward, good grade

Question 40

Know lower and higher order thinking

Answer 40

Blooms

Question 41

Theorists who focused on social development

Answer 41

Erikson Vygotsky Bandura

Question 42

Theorists who focused on emotional development

Answer 42

Abraham Maslow

Question 43

Theorists who focused on Moral Development

Answer 43

Kohlberg | Gilligan

Question 44

Theorists who focused on cognitive development

Answer 44

Piaget Bruner Ausubel

Question 45

*Charts of Kohlberg and Erikson's stages of development

Answer 45

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