Pleural and vascular Flashcards
1
Q
What is the treatment for pulmonary hypertension?
A
Treat underlying condition Oxygen Diuretics Anticoagulants CCB Prostacyclin Endothelial receptor antagonist Phosphodiester inhibitor Thromboendarectomy if CTEPH Lung/heart transplant
2
Q
What are the clinical signs of pulmonary hypertension?
A
Increased JVP loud pulmonary 2nd heart sound Right ventricular heave Hepatomegaly Peripheral ledge a
3
Q
What are the signs on examination of a pulmonary embolism?
A
Pleural rub on auscultation Stony dullness to percussion at base (due to pleural effusion) Pyrexia Hypoxia Tachycardia Tachypnoea Hypotension
4
Q
What is the turn over of pleural fluid per hour?
A
30-75% / hr
5
Q
What are the investigations for pleural effusion?
A
Don’t normally require investigations for transudate as presentation is clear but investigate if not responsive to treatment or have unusual characteristics. CXR Contrast enhanced CT thorax Thorascopy Pleural biopsy
6
Q
What is the air space of a small and a large pneumothorax?
A
<2cm small
>2cm large
7
Q
What are causes of iatrogenic pneumothoraces?
A
Breast biopsy Thoracotomy Cannulation Catheterisation Inserting an intercostal chest drain Ect.
