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Anatomy > Pleura and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Pleura and Peritoneum Flashcards

0
Q

Respiratory system parts:

A
  • conducting: warms, moistens, filters

- respiratory: gas exchange

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1
Q

Pleura and peritoneum are

A

the friction reducing membranes and visceral structures they contain

serous membranes

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2
Q

Mediastinum

A
  • between the two pleural balloons
  • extends entire superior/inferior length of thorax
  • contains heart, tubes, neurovascular bundles, trachea, esophagus
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3
Q

Root of the lung contains

A
  • primary bronchis
  • pulmonary vessels
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
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4
Q

Two parts of the pleura:

A

1) parietal pleura: covers the mediastinum, superior part of diaphram, and thoracic wall
2) visceral pleura: covers lungs
* They are continuous at the root of the lung

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5
Q

Lung hilum

A

-site of entry of the root of the lung

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6
Q

Lung formation during development:

A
  • bronchi extend out of the medistinum into the pleura (think of a fist going into a balloon - one side of the balloon is the visceral pleura and the other the parietal)
  • the space between the pleura is the pleural cavity which eventually becomes a potential space (two layers are glued by serous fluid)
  • air can enter this gap region and cause pneuma thorax
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7
Q

Effect of glued pleura:

A

when the chest wall moves out, so does the lung

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8
Q

Three parts of the parietal pleura:

A
  • costal part
  • mediastinal part
  • diaphragmatic part
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9
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

inferior region of the pleural cavity that has a space during exhalation

-may have fluid due to gravity

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11
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

bilaterally innervated by 3 ventral rami - phrenic nerves (C 3, 4, 5 to stay alive)

intercostal nerves

  • clinically: something pressing on the bottom of the diaphragm can be felt as referred pain in the neck because of that dermatomes innervation matching the diaphragms
  • phrenic nerves pass anterior to the root of the lung
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12
Q

Right lung

A

-3 lobes

Horizontal fissure: separates superior and middle lobe

Oblique fissure: separates middle & superior from inferior lobe

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13
Q

Cardiac notch

A

where the left lung deviates laterally behind the sternum at the 4th intercostal space

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14
Q

RALS

A

Right lung: arteries are anterior to the bronchus

Left lung: arteries are superior to the bronchus

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15
Q

Lingula

A

left lung remnant of the middle lobe

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16
Q

Gut tube endoderm extends:

A

from the pharynx to the upper part of the anal canal

-includes liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas

NOT SPLEEN

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17
Q

Curvature of the stomach

A

greater to the left

lesser to the right

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18
Q

Large intestine

A

Ascending to the right

Descending to the left

transverse midle

(RALD)

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19
Q

Regions of the GI system

A
  • each has its own arterial blood supple, innervation, and relationship to the mesentary
  • foregut: esophagus, stomach, liver, bile, pancreas (ends at the entrance of bile duct second part of duodenum) *CELIAC TRUNK BLOOD SUPPLY
  • midgut: rest of small intestine + ascending colon, it ends between the proximal 2/3 and the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon *SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
    hindgut: distal third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum *INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
  • All of these arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta
20
Q

Dorsal mesentary

A
  • suspends the entire gut tube during early fetal life
  • gut tube is peritoneal
  • it is a double layer of peritoneum: each layer is simple cubodial epithelium
21
Q

Two layers of the mesentary

A

visceral peritoneum

parietal peritoneum

*separated by peritoneal cavity potential space

22
Q

Mesentary

A

double layer of peritoneum continuous with visceral and parietal layers

23
Q

Foregut mesentary

A

the foregut structures also have a ventral mesentery suspension

24
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal

A
  • During development some parts of mid/hindgut lose dorsal mesentary because they get pushed against the body wall
  • less mobile

Examples: duodenum and most of pancrea (except head), ascending/descending colon

LOST A MESENTERY

25
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, transverse colon, jejunum/ileum, cecum, appendix, sigmoid colon

SUSPENDED BY MESENTARY

26
Q

retroperitoneal

A

esophagus and rectum

NO MESENTERY

-remain along the posterior abdominal wall

27
Q

Falciform ligament

A

part of the ventral mesentery in the foregut

contains round (teres) ligament

28
Q

Right main bronchus

A

shorter, wider, more vertical

29
Q

inferior extend of the lung/visceral pleura

A
  • midclavicular line: 6th rib
  • midaxillary line: 8th rib
  • paravertebral line: 10th rib
30
Q

inferior extend of the parietal pleura

A
  • midclavicular: 8th rib
  • midaxillary: 10th rib
  • paravertebral: 12th rib
31
Q

Spaces in the plerual cavity that are not completely filled during inspiration:

A
  • costodiaphragmatic recess

- costomediastinal recess (filled by the lingula in the left lung during max inspiration)

32
Q

costal parietal pleura innervation

A

-intercostal nerves

33
Q

mediastinal pleura/diaphragmatic pleura innervation

A

-phrenic nerve

34
Q

Visceral pleura and pain

A

INSENSITIVE to pain

35
Q

Pleuritis (pleurisy)

A

viseral or parietal pleura is inflammed

  • adhesion between the two may occur
  • sharp pain at site or referred pain over C3-C5
36
Q

Breath sounds

A

superior lobe: anterior/superior

inferior: posterior/inferior
middle: anterior (near sternum) or inferior to 4th costal cartilage

37
Q

Broncho-pulmonary segements

A

wedges of lung tissue arising from 3rd/4th generation bronchi and extending to the surface of the lung

no bronchial/vascular connection to the continuous segments so if there are tumors here they can be removed

38
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air is introduced to the pleural cavity and lung atelectasis (collapses)

39
Q

Open pneumothorax

A
  • penetrating wound pierces the costal pleura or cervical pleura
  • pain from intercostal nerves
  • air enters cavity, lung collapses
  • heart and other structures move towards the other lung and back again during breathing which decreases venous return to the heart
40
Q

tension pneumothorax

A
  • similar but a flap of pleural tissue prevents expulsion of air on exhalation and intrapleural pressure increases
  • this causes the shifting of heart to be augments and cardiac output, venous return, respiratory function all compromised
41
Q

Superior mediastinum parts

A

trachea

brachiocephalic vein

thymus

aortic arch

esophagus

thoracic duct

42
Q

Middle mediastinum

A

heart

ascending aorta

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary veins

phrenic nerve

43
Q

Posterior mediastinum

A

esophagus with vagus nerve

descending aorta

thoracic duct

sympathetic trunks

44
Q

Anterior mediastinum

A

smaller vessels/nerves

fat/CT

thymus of child

45
Q

peritoneal

A

structures that are suspended by a derivative of a dorsal or ventral mesentery in postnatal life

-postnatal derivatives may be called omentum, ligament, meso prefix

Anatomy (9 decks)

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