Interval 1 Structural Functions Flashcards
clavicle
- only bone that transmits forces directly from the upper limb to the thorax
- articulates with the manubrium and the acromium process
Nipple
in males landmark for the fourth intercostal space (heart)
Costal margin
lower boundary of thoracic cage
formed by cartilages of false ribs 8-12
Naming intercostal spaces
named for the rib above
External intercostal muscles
elevate ribs and sternum
Internal intercostal muscles
depress ribs and sternum
Oblique crease
marks the boundary between the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior thigh
contains inguinal ligament
Highest point of iliac crest clinical relevance
L4 location
Lumbar Vertebrate
L1-L5
Abdominal fascia
superficial: campers
deep: scarpas
Thoracoacoacromial artery
supplies pectoral major and minor
How many muscle layers in the trunk
3
Thorax muscle interrupted by
external and internal layers are interrupted by ribs
Location of parietal pleura
between 3rd and 4th rib
Intercostal nerves/veins/arteries
- superior part of each intercostal space
- VAN arrangement
Intercostal nerves
ventral rami
Rectus Sheath
Above the arcuate line: has an anterior and posterior region
- Anterior: External and part of internal oblique
- Posterior: Part of internal and transversus abdomens
Below arcuate line: only anterior
Part of the inguinal canal
posterior wall
anterior wall
floor
roof
What makes the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
formed by the transversalis fascia
first layer that covers the testis
contains deep ring
What makes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
aponeurosis of external oblique
superficial ring
What makes the floor of the inguinal canal
formed by inguinal ligament
What makes the roof of the inguinal canal
transversus abdominus and internal oblique
Layers covering the testis
1) External spermatic fascia (external oblique)
2) Cremasteric fascia (internal oblique)
3) Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
*passed UNDER the transversus abdominis so this is not a layer
Cremaster muscle
elevates testis
thermoregulates
consists of fibers of the internal oblique
intercostal muscles end where
external end before the costo-chondro junction, start at the tubercle of the rib
internal extend from the angle of the rib to the sternum
Processus vaginalis
part of the peritoneum gets pulled into the scrotum
thermoregulates
Tunica vaginalis
serous covering of the testis
Sternal Angel
- superior vena cava empties into the heart
- marks T4 and T5
Skin
- thicker at the dorsal body surface than the ventral
- two layers: epidermis (stratified squamous) and dermis (loose irregular and dense irregular)
- epidermis is 5% of the thickness everywhere but palms/feet where it is 50%
Serratus muscle
- long thoracic nerve innervates it SUPERFICIALLY (most muscles innervated deep)
- arises from the ribs
Nerves and vessels in the abdomen run through what layers?
-internal and inner
Two layers of the innermost intercostal muscles
- transverse thoracis (ribs 2-6 on the inside of the rib cage)
- subcostalis
Innervation of the thoracic wall
- ventral rami from T1-11
- ventral rami of T 12 (subcostal nerve)
Blood supply to the thoracic wall
- 3 branches
- pair of internal thoracic arteries
- descending aorta
Anterior intercostal artery
- arises from the internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian)
- anterior thoracic wall
posterior intercostal artery
- from the descending aorta
- lateral/posterior blood supply
drainage of the thoracic wall
- azygos vein
- internal thoracic vein
retromammary bursa
- loose connective tissue potential space between the breast and the pectorial fascia
- breast cancer can invade this space and effect the pectoralis major
Breast blood supply
- two sources
1) medial source - internal thoracic artery
2) lateral source - axillary and posterior intercostal artery
Breast drainage
- main drainage to the axially vein
- also the the internal thoracic and azygos
transumbilical plane
-between L3 and L4
Arcuate line
-marks where the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath
Blood supply to the rectus abdominus
superior and inferior epigastric arteries
Where is the inferior epigastric vessel located
between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum
Superficial inguinal ring transmits:
ilioinguinal nerve in both sexes
Direct hernia
- processus vaginalis should not persist in childhood
- sometimes bowl can enter it
- most common
Indirect hernias
peritoneal sac enters through a weakend posterior wall of the inguinal canal
more common in adults
