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ASC305 exam folder > Platyhelminths 2 > Flashcards

Platyhelminths 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 cestodes (tapeworms) orders significant to veterinary medicine?

A

Cyclophyllidea

Diphyllobothriidea

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2
Q

Cyclophyllidea general characteristics…

A 
usually in SI
DH: birds & mammals
scolex with/without rostellum
often rostellar hooks (circular hooks)
4 suckers
most mature proglottids distal to scolex
each proglottid is hermaphroditic with single or paired repro. organs
lateral genital pores
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3
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) species affected…

A

cattle

humans

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4
Q

Taenia saginata means?

A

Taenia ‘ribbon’

saginata ‘flattening’

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5
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) distribution & size?

A

worldwide

4-10 metres

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6
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) lifecycle…know & draw

A

slide 10

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7
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) symptoms…

A

usually asymptomatic

heavy infections: weight loss, dizziness, abdo pain, diarrhoea, headaches, nausea, decreased appetite

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8
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) diagnosis…

A 
Faecal examination (taeniid type eggs with hooks)
species ID: based on scolex & gravid proglottids
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9
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) treatment…

A

Humans: praziquantel or niclosamide
Cattle: Albendazole

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10
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) prevention…

A 
adequate cooking (56°C for 5 minutes)
refrigeration freezing (-10°C for 9 days)
long period salting
inspection of beef
proper disposal of human excreta
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11
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) general characteristics…

A 
pork tapeworm
3-5 meters long
25 year life span
Human: DH & IH
Pigs: IH
zoonotic
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12
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) distribution…

A

Central & Sth America, Asia, India, Africa

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13
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) lifecycle…know & draw

A

slide 17…

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14
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) PPP?

A

3-6 months

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15
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) diagnosis (pigs)…

A 
Visible cysts amongst muscle fibres
meat inspection (masseter muscle, tongue, heart)
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16
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) clinical signs…

A

Pigs: rare
Humans: depend on number and location of cysts -> organ-specific or neurological signs

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17
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) diagnosis (humans)…

A

faecal examination

18
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) diagnosis (larvae)…

A

U/S
Ab detection tests
DNA hybridisation

19
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) treatment…

A

vaccination of pigs

praziquantel & albendazole humans prior to sx

20
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) prevention…

A

Effective meat inspection
Effective disposal or treatment of human effluent
Human hygiene (wash hands…)
Freezing pork will kill cystercerci

21
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) general info…

A

hydatid
zoonotic
DH: dog, wolf, dingo, jackal, fox
SI

22
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) distribution…

A

global distribution
2-3 million peeps affected
production loss: 2.1 billion in US

23
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) lifecycle…

A

slide 25…

24
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) hosts…

A

DH: canidae
IH: sheep, goats, swine

25
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) study diagrams & structures well (eg. brood capsule, germinal layer etc.)

A

slides 27 - 29…

26
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) clinical signs…

A

IH: number & location of cysts, rupture of cysts -> anaphylactic shock -> released protoscoleces
DH: 1000’s of parasites tolerated without CS

27
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) diagnosis…

A

IH: U/S, radiography
DH: eggs in faeces, coproantigens by ELISA

28
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) distribution in Australia…

A 
East coast - transmission most common in wildlife
Everywhere else (except desert & Tassie) domestic animal transmission
29
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) epidemiology in Aus…

A

Common in rural, sheep-raising communities
infection via ingestion of egg or direct contact with dogs
Notifiable in NT & Tassie

30
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) transmission in Aus…

A

Eggs last longer at 4°C (>300 days) than 37-39°C (2-14 days)
one dog can be source of infection over 30k hectares
Insects, birds & wildlife transport eggs 60km
wind & water -> aid transport

31
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) treatment…

A

praziquantel every 4 weeks in endemic areas

faeces produced 48hrs after treatment destroyed

32
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) prevention…

A 
No feeding raw offal 
public education
basic hygeine
Wash fruit and vegetables well
Vaccination of livestock
33
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDEA: general characteristics…

A

SI
hosts: carnivorous mammals, fish-eating mammals
Genital organs & pores central

34
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: lifecycle…

A

slide 40…

35
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: clinical signs…

A 
mostly asymptomatic
abdo. discomfort
diarrhoea
vomiting
weight loss
Vit B12 deficiency
36
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum can cause…?

A

diphyllobothriasis - long-lasting infection (decades)

37
Q

How can diphyllobothriasis become zoonotic without active transmission?

A

freshwater fish may be consumed in geographic areas where active transmission does not occur, resulting in human diphyllobothriasis

38
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: diagnosis…

A

In stool (operculated eggs)
broad proglottis
CBC for anemia

39
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: risk factors…

A

More fertile in humans
Access of human sewage to freshwater lakes
Ingestion of uncooked fish

40
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: control & prevention…

A

Thoroughly cooking freshwater fish
Freezing −10° C, 48 h
Avoid feeding fish to dogs/pigs in endemic areas

41
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: treatment…

A

praziquantel or niclosamide (single oral dose)

Vitamin B12 may be needed

ASC305 exam folder (7 decks)

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