Nematoda - roundworms Flashcards
Anisakid hosts:
IH: molluscs
IH/PH: fish & humans
DH: fish-eating mammals & birds
Earliest human cases reported? where?
1960 & 1961: Europe & Japan
Occurence in Australian fish?
100%
First report of human anisakidosis in Australia?
2011
Anisakid nematodes (anisakidosis) symptoms…?
- GI
- extra-GI
- oropharyngeal
- transient luminal
- allergy
Ascaris lumbricoides: general info…size, peeps affected, distribution, where in body
large roundworm in humans (20-40cm)
1.4 billion affected
worldwide
small intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides: lifecycle…draw…
slide 25…
Ascaris lumbricoides: symptoms…
Abdo: discomfort, nausea, diarrhoea
Resp: SOB., coughing, wheezing
Liver & pancreas: hepatic abscess, bile duct obstruction
Intestinal blockage: (Large Intestine), cramping, abdo pain
Ascaris lumbricoides: diagnosis…
excretion of adult Ascaris worms via anus, mouth, nose
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) general info…animals affected, where, size…
dogs, cats, foxes
large intestine
adults whitish
4.5 - 7.5cm long
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) distinguish sexes?
tails are coiled in males with single spicule while tails in females are straight
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) eggs characteristics…?
thick, smooth shell with polar plugs at both ends
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) pathogenesis…?
mostly light infections & asymptomatic
Heavy infections: haemorrhagic colitis
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) clinical signs…?
inflammation of caecal mucosa
bloody diarrhoea
weight loss
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) diagnosis…?
barrel-shaped eggs in faeces
occasionally expelled adult worm in faeces
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) treatment…?
canine all wormer
Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) prevention…?
areas where eggs continue to survive -> thoroughly cleaned & disinfected or sterilised by wet or dry heat
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) general info…
dog, foxes & occasionally humans
worldwide
common in Nth Australia
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) 3 routes of infection…?
oral
dermal
mother’s milk
OR placental blood supply
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) lifecycle…
slide 37…know well!
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) eggs…
susceptible to freezing
shady and sandy areas ideal for larval dev.
>5000 in faeces
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) zoonoses…?
GI illness
eosinophilic enteritis
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) clinical signs & pathogenesis…?
acute: anaemia, diarrhoea, resp. probs
chronic: under weight, poor coat, decreased appetite
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) treatment…?
regular AH therapy & hygiene with all wormers
parental iron (B12 & protein-rich diet)
blood transfusion in young pups
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) prevention…?
clean dry kennel floors
remove faeces
daily disposal of bedding
Canine heartworm adults live where?
(Dirofilaria immitis): right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery & posterior vena cava
Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) lifecycle…draw!
slide 43…
Females release microfilariae-> mozzie ingests microfilariae -> moult to L2 and L3, 2-3 weeks -> Migrate through thorax to labia -> Transferred to host when feeding -> Moult to L4 in sub-cutis or muscles 9 days later -> Moult to adult 2-3 months later -> Worms reach right ventricle after about 3 months
Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) diagnosis…
[blood test]
Ag test kit
test for presence of microfilariae
Filarial nematodes can affect humans. Name 3 niches within the body that are affected?
- lymphatic
- subcutaneous
- serous cavity
The infamous disease ‘elephantiasis’ is also called what? Which niche within the body is affected?
Lymphatic filariasis
Filarial nematode causing (lymphatic filariasis) lifecycle…
slide 49…
