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ASC305 exam folder > Nematoda - roundworms > Flashcards

Nematoda - roundworms Flashcards

1
Q

Anisakid hosts:

A

IH: molluscs
IH/PH: fish & humans
DH: fish-eating mammals & birds

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2
Q

Earliest human cases reported? where?

A

1960 & 1961: Europe & Japan

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3
Q

Occurence in Australian fish?

A

100%

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4
Q

First report of human anisakidosis in Australia?

A

2011

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5
Q

Anisakid nematodes (anisakidosis) symptoms…?

A
  1. GI
  2. extra-GI
  3. oropharyngeal
  4. transient luminal
  5. allergy
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6
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: general info…size, peeps affected, distribution, where in body

A

large roundworm in humans (20-40cm)
1.4 billion affected
worldwide
small intestine

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7
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: lifecycle…draw…

A

slide 25…

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8
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: symptoms…

A

Abdo: discomfort, nausea, diarrhoea
Resp: SOB., coughing, wheezing
Liver & pancreas: hepatic abscess, bile duct obstruction
Intestinal blockage: (Large Intestine), cramping, abdo pain

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9
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: diagnosis…

A

excretion of adult Ascaris worms via anus, mouth, nose

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10
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) general info…animals affected, where, size…

A

dogs, cats, foxes
large intestine
adults whitish
4.5 - 7.5cm long

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11
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) distinguish sexes?

A

tails are coiled in males with single spicule while tails in females are straight

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12
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) eggs characteristics…?

A

thick, smooth shell with polar plugs at both ends

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13
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) pathogenesis…?

A

mostly light infections & asymptomatic

Heavy infections: haemorrhagic colitis

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14
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) clinical signs…?

A

inflammation of caecal mucosa
bloody diarrhoea
weight loss

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15
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) diagnosis…?

A

barrel-shaped eggs in faeces

occasionally expelled adult worm in faeces

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16
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) treatment…?

A

canine all wormer

17
Q

Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) prevention…?

A

areas where eggs continue to survive -> thoroughly cleaned & disinfected or sterilised by wet or dry heat

18
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) general info…

A

dog, foxes & occasionally humans
worldwide
common in Nth Australia

19
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) 3 routes of infection…?

A

oral
dermal
mother’s milk
OR placental blood supply

20
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) lifecycle…

A

slide 37…know well!

21
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) eggs…

A

susceptible to freezing
shady and sandy areas ideal for larval dev.
>5000 in faeces

22
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) zoonoses…?

A

GI illness

eosinophilic enteritis

23
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) clinical signs & pathogenesis…?

A

acute: anaemia, diarrhoea, resp. probs
chronic: under weight, poor coat, decreased appetite

24
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) treatment…?

A

regular AH therapy & hygiene with all wormers
parental iron (B12 & protein-rich diet)
blood transfusion in young pups

25
Q

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) prevention…?

A

clean dry kennel floors
remove faeces
daily disposal of bedding

26
Q

Canine heartworm adults live where?

A

(Dirofilaria immitis): right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery & posterior vena cava

27
Q

Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) lifecycle…draw!

A

slide 43…
Females release microfilariae-> mozzie ingests microfilariae -> moult to L2 and L3, 2-3 weeks -> Migrate through thorax to labia -> Transferred to host when feeding -> Moult to L4 in sub-cutis or muscles 9 days later -> Moult to adult 2-3 months later -> Worms reach right ventricle after about 3 months

28
Q

Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) diagnosis…

A

[blood test]
Ag test kit
test for presence of microfilariae

29
Q

Filarial nematodes can affect humans. Name 3 niches within the body that are affected?

A
  1. lymphatic
  2. subcutaneous
  3. serous cavity
30
Q

The infamous disease ‘elephantiasis’ is also called what? Which niche within the body is affected?

A

Lymphatic filariasis

31
Q

Filarial nematode causing (lymphatic filariasis) lifecycle…

A

slide 49…

ASC305 exam folder (7 decks)

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