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ASC305 exam folder > Platyhelminths 1 > Flashcards

Platyhelminths 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 platyhelminths (flukes) covered?

A

monogenea & trematoda

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2
Q

monogenea reproduction…

A

adult worm can produce eggs (oncomiracidia) or young worms

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3
Q

Monogenea morphology…

A

hermaphroditic (penis, testes, ovary & yolk gland), opisthaptor (area containing hooks & suckers)

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4
Q

Monogenea transmission…

A

direct contact -> direct lifecycle -> pop. explosions in aquaculture systems -> clinical disease

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5
Q

Monogenea treatment…

A

sea cage filled with solution of hydrogen peroxide to get rid of skin & gill flukes

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6
Q

3 different monogenean species?

A

Dactylogyrus spp. Gyrodactylus spp. Benedenia spp.

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7
Q

Dactylogyrus spp. info…

A

on gills freshwater eggs often resistant to chemical treatment thus weekly treatment over 34 weeks needed

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8
Q

Gyrodactylus spp. info…

A

skin & fins freshwater live young one treatment adequate

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9
Q

Benedenia spp. info…

A

affects Kingfish (Aus) affects skin & fins (feed off mucous & epithelial cells) chronic prob. in marine systems difficult to eliminate from system once established

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10
Q

Know general anatomy of trematodes

A

slide 15

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11
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) animals affected?

A

sheep horse cattle humans others…

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12
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) distribution & habitat?

A

rural temperate & tropical regions every continent! 2.4 million peeps affected (many more at risk)

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13
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) human infections in Aus?

A

very few infections

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14
Q

Liver fluke causing highest economic losses?

A

F. gigantica ~ 3200 million/year! (Asia & Africa hit hardest)

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15
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) most important hosts?

A

cattle, sheep, buffalo

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16
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) lifecycle know well…

A

slide 20… draw!

17
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) epideiology in Aus…

A

depends on snail habitats

Coastal & tablelands NSW, All of Vic, Eastern Tassie

Absent in tropics (NT, Nth QLD, Western Aus)

18
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) disease?

A

Fascioliasis

Acute - blood loss, inflam., abdo. pain, death, black disease

Chronic - Bile duct damage, anaemia, weight loss, bottle jaw, progressive weakness

19
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) diagnosis…

A

Faecal sample (look for eggs)

Faecal Ag test-ELISA for fasciola antigen in faeces

20
Q

Liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) prevention & control…

A

Resistant

Undercooked watercress

Snails

21
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes) animals at risk…

A

Ruminants, cattle, sheep

22
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes) special morphological feature…

A

mouth (stoma) on both sides (amphi)

23
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes) lifecycle…

A

same as Fasciola spp. but no human host. slide 27…

24
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes) distribution…

A

Griffith, NSW

25
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes) clinical signs (moderate infection immature fluke)

A

reduced weight gains

reduced milk production

ill-thrift

26
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes)​ clinical signs (heavy infection immature fluke)

A

decreased appetite

listlesness

weight loss

foul-smelling diarrhoea -> dehydration -> death

27
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes)​ clinical signs (immature fluke in intestine)

A

Acute inflammation of the intestine

Death in sever infections

28
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes)​ diagnosis…

A

post mortem

history of outbreak

clinical signs

response to drenching

examination with magnifying glass -> confirm diagnosis

29
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes)​ why aren’t presence of eggs in manure good diagnostic indicator?

A

As they only indicate presence of adult fluke and no diagnostic value for an outbreak of the acute disease.

30
Q

Stomach fluke (Paramphistomes)​​ control…

A

Draining affected areas.
Fencing off affected areas.
Providing alternative water sources.
Treating stock with drenches effective against stomach flukes

31
Q

Schistosoma spp. in humans…

A

S. mansoni

S. hematobium

S. japonicum

32
Q

Schistosoma spp. geographical distribution…

A

S. mansoni - Africa & Eastern South America

S. hematobium - Africa

S. japonicum - Far Eastern Asia (near Japan)

33
Q

Schistosoma spp. lifecycle… draw!

A
34
Q

Schistosoma spp. symptoms…

A

Skin - dermatitis

GI - abdo. pain, diarrhoea, bloody stool -> swollen abdo.

Urogenital - cystitis & urethritis

35
Q

Schistosoma spp. diagnosis…

A

History

symptoms

histology

eggs in urine or stool

36
Q

Schistosoma spp. treatment…

A

Praziquantel

avoid swimming in snail-infested water

sanitary sewage disposal

eliminate snails

ASC305 exam folder (7 decks)

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