Platyhelminthes Diseases

Question 1

Categories of Trematoda Diseases

Answer 1

Blood flukes
Liver flukes
Pancreatic flukes
Lung flukes
Intestinal flukes
Eye flukes

Question 2

Fascioliasis: species

Answer 2

Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola gigantica

Question 3

Fascioliasis: hosts and transfer

Answer 3

Intermediate host: snail
Main host: humans, cattle, and sheep
Transfer: attach to aquatic plant and incyst to be eaten by humans (cattle or sheep) 
Hang out in bile duct of liver
Leave as feces

Question 4

Fascioliasis: global distribution/ where at

Answer 4

2.4-17 mil affected
91 mil at risk
Found in tropical or temperate regions
Countries with livestock raised near raw watercress to be consumed by humans

Question 5

Fascioliasis Pathology

Answer 5

Acute phase
Chronic phase
Ectopic fascioliasis
Pharyngeal fascioliasis

Question 6

Fascioliasis: acute phase

Answer 6

6-12 weeks
Low levels of parasite
Pain/irritation
Jaundice
Heavy blockage = necrosis

Question 7

Fascioliasis: chronic phase

Answer 7

Lasts 6 mos to 10 years
Higher levels of parasite
Can block bile duct and result in inability to eliminate breakdown enzymes

Question 8

Fascioliasis: ectopic fascioliasis

Answer 8

Happens somewhere else in body besides bile duct in liver

Question 9

Fascioliasis: pharyngeal fascioliasis

Answer 9

Middle East: consume uncooked food with parasite

Question 10

Fascioliasis: diagnosis

Answer 10

Microscopy
Endoscopy/Surgery
Serology
Imaging

Question 11

Microscopy

Answer 11

Chronic stage

Eggs in stool or duodenal/biliary drainage

Question 12

Endoscopy/Surgery

Answer 12

Adults during biliary obstruction

Visible in digestive tract

Question 13

Serology

Answer 13

Anti-fasciola antibody (2-4 weeks)

Antigen capture technique

Question 14

Imaging

Answer 14

Detect general damage/nodules in liver

Question 15

Fascioliasis: treatment

Answer 15

Triclabendazole

Question 16

Schistosomiasis: species

Answer 16

Schistosoma haematobium
S. Japonicum
S. Mansoni

Question 17

Schistosomiasis: type and hosts

Answer 17

Type: blood parasite
Intermediate host: snail
Final host: humans– can penetrate skin

Question 18

Schistosomiasis: global distribution

Answer 18

200 million infected

200000 dead per year

Question 19

Schistosomiasis: pathology

Answer 19

Swimmers itch
Acute Schistosomiasis
Chronic Schistosomiasis

Question 20

Schistosomiasis: swimmers itch

Answer 20

Burrow in skin

Possibly wrong host and dies leaving itchy feeling

Question 21

Schistosomiasis: acute

Answer 21

3-8 weeks after infection

Minor fevers, itching, swelling

Question 22

Schistosomiasis: chronic

Answer 22

Last for years
Eggs cause most problems: travel wrong place or cause blood blockage
Older people have better immune systems
Tummy pain, bloody stool, liver blockage

Question 23

Schistosomiasis: diagnosis

Answer 23

Microscopy-species specific

Serology-early detection

Question 24

Schistosomiasis: treatment

Answer 24

Reduce swelling and then take praziquantel

Question 25

Echinococcosis: species

Answer 25

Echinococcosis granulosus

E. Multilocularis

Question 26

Echinococcosis: type and hosts

Answer 26

Type: intestinal
Intermediate host: sheep, goat, swine
Definitive host: dogs
Humans get by eating dogs or sheep

Question 27

Echinococcosis: oncosphere

Answer 27

Penetrates intestinal wall

Question 28

Echinococcosis: global distribution

Answer 28

1 mil infected

Question 29

Echinococcosis pathology

Answer 29

Presence of cysts
Calcified cysts
All over: liver, lung, intestine

Question 30

Echinococcosis: diagnosis

Answer 30

Imaging: see cyst, X-ray for calcified cysts
Serology: multi more sensitive than gran

Question 31

Echinococcosis: treatment

Answer 31

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Cyst puncture
PAIR