Platyhelminthes Diseases Flashcards
Categories of Trematoda Diseases
Blood flukes Liver flukes Pancreatic flukes Lung flukes Intestinal flukes Eye flukes
Fascioliasis: species
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Fascioliasis: hosts and transfer
Intermediate host: snail Main host: humans, cattle, and sheep Transfer: attach to aquatic plant and incyst to be eaten by humans (cattle or sheep) Hang out in bile duct of liver Leave as feces
Fascioliasis: global distribution/ where at
2.4-17 mil affected
91 mil at risk
Found in tropical or temperate regions
Countries with livestock raised near raw watercress to be consumed by humans
Fascioliasis Pathology
Acute phase
Chronic phase
Ectopic fascioliasis
Pharyngeal fascioliasis
Fascioliasis: acute phase
6-12 weeks Low levels of parasite Pain/irritation Jaundice Heavy blockage = necrosis
Fascioliasis: chronic phase
Lasts 6 mos to 10 years
Higher levels of parasite
Can block bile duct and result in inability to eliminate breakdown enzymes
Fascioliasis: ectopic fascioliasis
Happens somewhere else in body besides bile duct in liver
Fascioliasis: pharyngeal fascioliasis
Middle East: consume uncooked food with parasite
Fascioliasis: diagnosis
Microscopy
Endoscopy/Surgery
Serology
Imaging
Microscopy
Chronic stage
Eggs in stool or duodenal/biliary drainage
Endoscopy/Surgery
Adults during biliary obstruction
Visible in digestive tract
Serology
Anti-fasciola antibody (2-4 weeks)
Antigen capture technique
Imaging
Detect general damage/nodules in liver
Fascioliasis: treatment
Triclabendazole
Schistosomiasis: species
Schistosoma haematobium
S. Japonicum
S. Mansoni
Schistosomiasis: type and hosts
Type: blood parasite
Intermediate host: snail
Final host: humans– can penetrate skin
Schistosomiasis: global distribution
200 million infected
200000 dead per year
Schistosomiasis: pathology
Swimmers itch
Acute Schistosomiasis
Chronic Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis: swimmers itch
Burrow in skin
Possibly wrong host and dies leaving itchy feeling
Schistosomiasis: acute
3-8 weeks after infection
Minor fevers, itching, swelling
Schistosomiasis: chronic
Last for years
Eggs cause most problems: travel wrong place or cause blood blockage
Older people have better immune systems
Tummy pain, bloody stool, liver blockage
Schistosomiasis: diagnosis
Microscopy-species specific
Serology-early detection
Schistosomiasis: treatment
Reduce swelling and then take praziquantel
Echinococcosis: species
Echinococcosis granulosus
E. Multilocularis
Echinococcosis: type and hosts
Type: intestinal
Intermediate host: sheep, goat, swine
Definitive host: dogs
Humans get by eating dogs or sheep
Echinococcosis: oncosphere
Penetrates intestinal wall
Echinococcosis: global distribution
1 mil infected
Echinococcosis pathology
Presence of cysts
Calcified cysts
All over: liver, lung, intestine
Echinococcosis: diagnosis
Imaging: see cyst, X-ray for calcified cysts
Serology: multi more sensitive than gran
Echinococcosis: treatment
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Cyst puncture
PAIR
