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Parasitology Lecture > Platyhelminthes > Flashcards

Platyhelminthes Flashcards

1
Q

They have no digestive tract and no circulatory system, they are also mostly hermaphroditic:

A

Cestodes

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2
Q

True or False:
Uterus of D. latum at the center of the segment appears in the form of a circle

A

False

Uterus appears in the form of a ROSETTE

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3
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Uterus opens to the exterior through which eggs come out

A

Pseudophyllidea

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4
Q

Beef Tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

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5
Q

Symptoms of T. saginata infection

A
  • Hunger fangs
  • Weakness
  • Weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Pruritus
  • Obstruction in intestine, bile, pancreatic ducts, and appendix (coz proglottids are actively motile)
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6
Q

Armed Tapeworm of Man

A

Taenia solium

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7
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Viteline glands concentrated in a single mass

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

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8
Q

3,000-4,000 proglottids

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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9
Q

Cestodes or Trematodes:
Requires 2 Intermediate Hosts to complete its life cycle

A

Trematodes

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10
Q

Adult worms are white and semi-transparent

A

Taenia saginata

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11
Q

Male and Female organs are not differentiated

A

Immature

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12
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Large or small worms consisting of chains of segments

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

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13
Q

True or False:
Excretory and Nervous system are present

A

True

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14
Q

Adult worm is yellowish-grey in color

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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15
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Absent Uterine Pore

A

Cyclophyllidean

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16
Q

These are the arms to hold on to host

A

Rostellum

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17
Q

Diagnosis for D. latum

A

Microscopic examination of feces for the characteristic operculated eggs

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18
Q

Common name for Cestodes

A

Tapeworm

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19
Q

Scolex is spoon-shaped or spatulate

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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20
Q

Measures 3-10 meters in length and has a life-span of 5-15 years

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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21
Q

True or False:
Gravid segments of T. saginata are expelled singly and force their way through the anal sphincter

A

True

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22
Q

Dog Tapeworm (hydatid cyst)

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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23
Q

Mature segment is filled with male and female reproductive organs

A

Strobila of Diphyllobothrium latum

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24
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
An apical rostellum with hooklets may be present

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

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25
Q

Has an oncosphere with 3 pairs of hooklets

A

Ova of T. saginata

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26
Q

They are collectively called “Flatworms”

A

Platyhelminthes

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27
Q

Disease/Infection caused by T. saginata

A

Taeniasis

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28
Q

Ciliated oncosphere that develops from egg in water

A

Coracidium

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29
Q

Common name for Trematodes

A

Flukes

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30
Q

Broad fish Tapeworm/Broad Tapeworm/Fish Tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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31
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Eggs only escape from the rupture or disintegration of ripe segments

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

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32
Q

Unsegmented; leaf-like appearance

A

Trematodes

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33
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Eggs = Operculated; give rise to ciliated larvae

A

Pseudophyllidean

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34
Q

Vagina is provided with a sphincter muscle

A

Taenia saginata

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35
Q

True or False:
Sexes are not separate and body cavity is absent

A

True

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36
Q

True or False:
Majority of Tapeworms are long, segmented, and tape-like

A

True

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37
Q

Gravid proglottid consists of a uterus and a central longitudinal stem with 15 – 30 branches on each side

A

Taenia saginata

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38
Q

Treatment for T. saginata infection

A

Praziquantel (5-10mg/kg= single dose)

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39
Q

3 regions in an adult worms

A
  1. Head/Scolex
  2. Neck
  3. Strobila (body/trunk)
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40
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Present Uterine Pore

A

Pseudophyllidean

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41
Q

True or False:
Gravid proglottid of D. latum contains 97,000 to 124,000 ova

A

False

Taenia saginata gravid proglottid has 97,000-124,000 ova

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42
Q

True or False
A single egg of D.latum give rise to a single larva

A

True

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43
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Larval development proceeds in 2 intermediate hosts; 1st larval stage = PROCERCOID, 2nd larval stage = PLEROCERCOID

A

Pseudophyllidea

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44
Q

1,000-2,000 proglottids

A

Taenia saginata

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45
Q

2 classes of Platyhelminthes

A

Cestodes and Trematodes

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46
Q

True or False:
Dried up segments of D. latum break off from the body in chains and are passed out in the host’s feces

A

True

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47
Q

Uteri are filled with eggs (other organs are athropied or have dissapeared

A

Gravid

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48
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Uterus = May or may not be present

A

Cyclophyllidean

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49
Q

True or False:
Ova of T. saginata is infective only to cattle

A

True

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50
Q

Oval, Bile stained, contains abundant granules and unsegmented ovum

A

Ova of Diphyllobothrium latum

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51
Q

Highly branched proglottids

A

Taenia saginata

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52
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
“head” has 2 slit-like sucking grooves called bothria instead of suckers

A

Pseudophyllidea

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53
Q

True or False:
Free gravid proglottid of Taenia saginata crawls out of the anal orifice and oviposits on the perianal skin

A

True

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54
Q

True or False:
Platyhelminthes are dorsally flattened and bilaterally asymmetrical

A

False

They are dorsally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical

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55
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Uterine glands are widely scattered in the parenchyma and is composed of many acini

A

Pseudophyllidea

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56
Q

Head is invaginated in the neck, found in the fresh water fish

A

Plerocercoid

57
Q

True or False:
Terminal segments of D. latum shrink and becomes empty as eggs are constantly discharged

A

True

58
Q

True or False:
Each proglottid have only female portion

A

False

Each proglottid has male and female portion

59
Q

Common genital pore is marginally situated

A

Taenia saginata

60
Q

Covered by a membrane called:

A

Tegument

61
Q

True or False:
Female organs appear first

A

False

Male organs appear first

62
Q

Infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Plerocercoid larvae

63
Q

Mode of Infection for T. saginata

A

Eating beef containing Cysticercus bovis

64
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Common genital pore = Ventral, in the midline

A

Pseudophyllidean

65
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Head/scolex = Bears 2 slit-like grooves

A

Pseudophyllidean

66
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Eggs = Not operculated; do not give rise to ciliated larvae

A

Cyclophyllidean

67
Q

Cestodes or Trematodes:
Some require 2 Intermediate Hosts to complete its life cycle

A

Cestodes

68
Q

True or False:
Eggs of T. saginata are resistant and remain viable for a week

A

False

Eggs of T. saginatacare resistant and remain viable for 8 weeks

69
Q

Infection caused by Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Diphyllobothriasis, Gastrointestinal disturbances, and Anemia

70
Q

Diagnosis of T. saginata infection

A
  • Identifying characteristic eggs, proglottids, or scolex
  • Usual specimen is gravid proglottids (15-20 lateral branches)
  • Concentration techniques for eggs ( eggs rarely passed out in stool)
  • Perianal swabs
71
Q

Scolex has no rostellum and no hooklets

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

72
Q

Inconspicuous operculum at one end and a small knob at the other end

A

Ova of Diphyllobothrium latum

73
Q

Neck is thin and unsegmented and is much longer than the head

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

74
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Eggs are not operculated and can develop only in the intermediate host, fully embryonated

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

75
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
No uterine opening for the exit of eggs from the gravid uterus

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

76
Q

Segmented; ribbon-like appearance

A

Cestodes

77
Q

Which of the following is/are not classified under Order Pseudophyllidea?
a. Diphyllobothrium latum
b. Taenia spp.
c. Dipylidium caninum
d. Sparganum mansoni
e. S. raranum and S. erinaceid

A

b. Taenia spp.
c. Dipylidium caninum

They are classified under Order Cyclophylidea

78
Q

True or False:
Alimentary canal is present

A

False

Alimentary canal is ENTIRELY ABSENT

79
Q

Cat & Dog Tapeworm

A

Dipylidium caninum

80
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Larval development proceeds in one intermediate host

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

81
Q

Rat Tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

82
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Common genital pore = Lateral

A

Cyclophyllidean

83
Q

Infective form of T. saginata

A

Cysticercus bovis

84
Q

True or False:
Ova of D.latum is infective to man

A

False

Not infective to man

85
Q

Final host of D. latum

A

Man, Dog, Cat (in the small intestine)

86
Q

Criteria for cure (T. saginata infection)

A
  • Recovery of the scolex
  • Negative stool examination 3 months after treatment
87
Q

Final Host of Taenia saginata

A

Man

88
Q

Male and Female organs have become differentiated

A

Mature

89
Q

True or False:
Cestodes are found in the blood, liver, lungs, intestines, and pancreas

A

False

Cestodes are mostly found in the small intestine

90
Q

Hermaphrodites except for:

A

Shistosoma

91
Q

They have incomplete digestive tract and no circulatory system:

A

Trematodes

92
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Oncosphere is never a ciliated embryo

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

93
Q

True or False:
Oncosphere/Hexacanth embryo

A

True

94
Q

First intermediate host of D.latum

A

Cyclops or Diaptomus

95
Q

Dwarf Tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

96
Q

Inner embryophore is brown, thick walled and radially striated

A

Ova of T. saginata

97
Q

Pork Tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

98
Q

General Size

A

varies from a few mm to several meters

99
Q

Signs and Symptoms for D. latum infection

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fatigue
  • Vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • Weight loss
  • Vit. 12 deficiency w/ pernicious anemia and intestinal obstruction (in severe cases)
100
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Genital pores are on the ventral surface of the segment and are not marginal

A

Pseudophyllidea

101
Q

True or False:
Strobila consist of a series of segment called proglottids

A

True

102
Q
A
103
Q

Unarmed Tapeworm of Man

A

Taenia saginata

104
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Large worms consisting of a long chain of segments

A

Pseudophyllidea

105
Q

Intermediate hosts of T. saginata

A

Cattle, Cow, Buffalo

106
Q

Prevention/Control for D. latum infection

A
  • Properly cooked fresh water fishes
  • Freezing for 24-48 hours at -18deg C (kill plerocercoid)
  • Proper disposal of sewage and marketing of fish
107
Q

First larval stage of Order Pseudophyllidea is called:

A

Coracidium

108
Q

Spindle-like body with cephalic invagination, found inside the cyclops

A

Procercoid

109
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Uterus = No branching, convoluted uterine tubes asssume the form of ROSETTES

A

Pseudophyllidean

110
Q

Measures about 5-10 meters or sometimes up to 25 meters and has a life-span of up to 10 years or more

A

Taenia saginata

111
Q

True or False:
Ova of D. latum floats in saturated solutions of common salt

A

False

Ova of D. latum do NOT float in saturated solutions of common salt

112
Q

Has dark central markings in the strobila due to the egg-filled uterus

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

113
Q

Where do adult worms found?

A

Intestinsl canal of man and animals

114
Q

Second intermediate host of D. latum

A

Fresh water fish, pike, trout, salmon, perch

115
Q

True or False:
Male organs appear last

A

False

Male organs appear FIRST

116
Q

Only cestode with AQUATIC LIFE CYCLE

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

117
Q

Mode of infection for Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Ingestion of imperfectly cooked infected fish or roe containing plerocercoid larvae

118
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Common genital pore is marginal (on lateral side of segment)

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

119
Q

Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Head/Scolex = Bears 4 cup-like suckers

A

Cyclophyllidean

120
Q

True or False:
Ova of T. saginata floats in saturated salt solutions

A

False

Ova of T. saginata does NOT float in saturated salt solutions

121
Q

Ova of this parasite has no uterine opening and has spherical, thin, outer transparent shell

A

Taenia saginata

122
Q

Treatment for D. latum infection

A

Praziquantel (5-10 mg/kg)

123
Q

Class and Order of Cestodes

A

Class: Cestoda
Order: Pseudophyllidea

124
Q

Serves as the organs of attachment

A

Scolex

125
Q

Which of the following is/are under the Order Cyclophylidea?
a. Taenia spp.
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
c. S. mansoni
d. Dipylidium caninum
e. S. raranum
f. Hymenolepis nana & Hymenolepis diminuta
g. Echinococcus granulosus
h. S. erinaceid
i. Raillietina garrisoni

A

a. Taenia spp.
d. Dipylidium caninum
f. Hymenolepis nana & Hymenolepis diminuta
g. Echinococcus granulosus
i. Raillietina garrisoni

126
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Scolex is quadrate with 4 cup-like round suckers

A

Order Cyclophyllidea

127
Q

Second larval stage of Order Pseudophyllidea is called:

A

Procercoid

128
Q

Mature and can produce egg

A

Gravid

129
Q

True or False:
Trematodes are mostly found in the small intestine

A

False

Trematodes are found in the blood, liver, lungs, intestines, pancreas

130
Q

True or False:
3 types of segments of the strobila can be recognized from the front backwards

A

True

131
Q

True or False:
“Tail” or scolex is provided with suckers and sometimes with hooks

A

False

Scolex is the “Head”

132
Q

Scolex bears 2 slit-like grooves called “bothria” (1-dorsal, 1-ventral)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

133
Q

Larva of this parasite is passed first in water and then in the respective intermediate hosts

A

Diphyllobothrium latum larva

134
Q

True or False:
Reproductive system is present but incomplete in each segment

A

False

Reproductive system is PRESENT and COMPLETE in each segment

135
Q

Liberated by rupture of ripe proglottids

A

Ova of Taenia saginata

136
Q

Ova is passed out in the host’s feces in large numbers

A

Ova or Diphyllobothrium latum

137
Q

Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Eggs are operculated and can develop ONLY IN WATER; immature when oviposited and oncosphere give rise to ciliated embryo

A

Pseudophyllidea

138
Q
A

Parasitology Lecture (4 decks)

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