Platyhelminthes Flashcards
1
Q
Philodina
A
phylum: Rotifera
2
Q
What are synapomorphies of phylum Rotifera?
A
corona: called wheels cause of its cilia crow. cilia moves in sequence to make it appear to turning, which creates a water current to bring food into their pharynx
3
Q
What are some descriptions of phylum Rotifera:
A
-marine, freshwater
-primarily filter feeders
-mastax does chemical digestion
-pedal glands: secrete glue to stick to substrate
-can elongate their body quite a bit
4
Q
What are the synamorphies of Phylum Acanthocephala?
A
- endoparasites
- Proboscis
- use to attach to their host
- backward facing spines
- similar to scolex in tapeworms
- one unified body
- tape worms have proglottids
- mass reproduction of eggs
- digestive tract outside
- crypts: canals of the outside surface
- similar to microtriches of tapeworms
- crypts: canals of the outside surface
- Lacunar System
- canal on the outer skin
- absorb nutrients and carry it around the body
5
Q
Describe the morphology of thorny headed worms
A
proboscis has hooks that attach to the host’s intestinal wall
6
Q
How do acanthocephalans reproduce?
A
- vertebrate and invertebrate hosts
- rarely species specific
- indeterminate host: generally omnivorous invertebrate species such as a cockroach
- definitive host: omnivorous vertebrate like a pig, human, or rat
- passed through the feces of the definitive host and eaten by the indeterminate host
7
Q
Polymorphus
A
- phyum: acanthocephala
- eider duck worm
- definititve host: eider duck
- indeterminate host: gammarus (shirmp)
- are sensitive to the smell of an eider duck
- makes it attracted to the eider duck, makes it more pink in color (increases pigment) , changes mating to hold things tight together
8
Q
Macramthorhynchus
A
- phylum: acantheocephala
- giant horny worm of swines/pigs
- defintitive: pig
- intermediate: beetles
- over three ft long
- also infects in humans due to close proximation with the beetles
- accidental host
- middle east, parts of africa & india
9
Q
Pseudocerus
A
- phylum: plathelyminthes
- class: tuberilla
- marine
- fake horn
- includes concentration of auricles: ocelli, statocyst, and rheoceptors
- endolethical eggs
- polyclad tubellarian
- apostomatic colors for toxicity
- copied by other creatures
- batesian mimicry
10
Q
Bipallum
A
- phylum: plathelminthes
- class: tuberllaria
- terrestrial
- hammer head worm
- uses it for sensing, hunting for earthworms
- specialized neurotoxin: tetrodotoxin
- made by bacteria that lives in the animals, which secretes the neurotoxin
- comes over from asia
- eating earthworms in America
11
Q
Leucocholridium
A
- phylum: plathelminthes
- class: tubellaria
- parasitic
- brood sac parasite
- 2 host parasite
- invertebrate snail host
- vertebrate host that is usually a bird
- causes the snail to not know the difference between light and dark
- wanders into open areas
- larva form starts pulsing when in contact with sunlight
- 2 host parasite
12
Q
Dugesia
A
- phylum: platyhelminthes
- class: turbellaria
- planaria/planarian worm
- freshwater
- genome sequenced
- used in devoplemental biology to see how a single cell grows into a complete organism
- incredibly regenerative
- neoblasts
- totipotent: all powerful
- stem cells
- can differentiate any cell of the body due to them scattered throught out the body
- neoblasts
- auricles:ocelli, statocyst, rheorecptors
- stomach and pharynx in the middle
- triclade
13
Q
Clonorchis sinesis
A
- phylum: plathelminthes
- class: trematoda
- subclass: digenea
- chinese liver fluke
- fish
- ingesting metercercaie of the egg
- live in the bioducts of the human liver
- flat & leaf like for surface area
14
Q
Fasciola Hepatica
A
- phylum: platyhelminthes
- class: trematoda
- subclass: digenea
- sheep river fluke
- infected through eating aquatic vegetation
- live on the liver
- cystorosis
15
Q
Schistosoma Mansoni
A
- phylum:platyhelminthes
- class: trematoda
- subclass: digena
- burrows directly into you because it wants to get into the circulatory system
- dioecious
- male is larger, canoe shaped that the female goes in to
- release eggs through the circulatory system
- body will make a tumor around the cell
- damage primarily done by immune response to eggs
- blood flukes
- cuddle buds
- africa
16
Q
Gyrodactylus
A
- phylum: plathelminthes
- class: monogenea
- fish ectoparasite
- opisthaptor
- problem in density dependent factors
17
Q
Diphyllobothrium
A
- phylum: platyhelmintes
- class: cestoda
- broad fish tapeworm
- largest tapeworm that infects humans
- 80 ft
- humans are not their natural host, usually large marine fish
- intermediate host: cyclops
- common in indigenous in the north pacific
18
Q
Hymenolpeis nana
A
- phylum: plathelminthes
- class: cestoda
- parasitic but not as harmful
- smallest to infect humans
- inch long
- rarely causes problems
- 15-30% humans have this on average in america
- more common in other countries
- direct infection
- do not require a second host
- transmitted through the fecal-oral route
19
Q
Taenia saginata
A
- phylum: platyhelminthes
- class: cestoda
- infected by uncooked beef
- 30-40 ft
- 70 billion
- common parasite on humans
20
Q
Taenia solium
A
- phylum: platyhelminthes
- class: cestoda
-pork tapeworm - humans are the definitive host of the tapeworm
- get it by eating undercooked pork
- often ingest the larvae instead of the adult
- often forms cyst on the brain which is deadly
21
Q
Who was Fredrick Kuchenmeister?
A
- originally thought that the body makes them due to sickness
- Fredrick thought the bladder worms were the adult versions of the tapeworms
- everyone thought they were separate species with a separate life cycle
- Fredrick thought the bladder worms were the adult versions of the tapeworms
- fed beef stew parasite to condemned murders
- digested the bodies to find tapeworms
- first proof of tapewormlife cycle
