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Hema 2 > Platelets and Primary Hemostasis > Flashcards

Platelets and Primary Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Important in helping diagnose bleeding disorders.

A

Platelets counts

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2
Q

Platelets function primarily in _________ and ___________.

A

hemostasis and maintaining capillary integrity

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3
Q

Normal range of platelet count

A

150,000/uL - 450,000/uL or 150 - 450x10^3/mm^3

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4
Q

Size of platelets

A

1-4 um (2-4 um)

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5
Q

True or False. Platelets have nucleus.

A

False

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6
Q

Cytoplasm of plalets

A

granular and light blue to purple

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7
Q

Part of the platelet that is granular and located centrally.

A

Chromomere

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8
Q

Part of the platelet that surrounds th chromomere, nongranular adn clear to light blue.

A

Hyalomere

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9
Q

Increased platelet count

A

Thrombocytosis

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10
Q

These are found in thrombocytosis (PICA)

A

Polycythemia vera
Idiopathic thrombocythemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
After splenectomy

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11
Q

Decreased count.

A

Thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

Thrombocytopenia occurs in (TAG Pea Fo)

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura
Aplastic anemia
Gaucher’s Disease
Pernicious anemia
Following chemotherapy and radtion therapy

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13
Q

Whole blood is diluted using

A

Either 1% ammonium oxalate or
Rees-Ecker fluid (3.8g of sodium citrate, 0.2 mL of 40% formaldehyde, 0.1g of brillant cresyl blue in 100 mL aqueous solution)

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14
Q

Dilution

A

1:100

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15
Q

Formula for cell count

A

Cell count/mm3=
Ave cell counted x DF/ Area x depth

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16
Q

Platelets should be examined on an area where

A

RBCs barely touch

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17
Q

How many oil immersion fields are to be counted?

A

10

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18
Q

Measures ability of platelet to arrest bleeding

A

Bleeding time

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19
Q

Assess platelet number and function (primary hemostasis)

A

Bleeding time

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20
Q

Method of Ivy:

Pressure
Puncture site
Blot every
Normal Value

A

Pressure - 40 mmHg
Puncture site - 5 cm below antecubital crease
Blot every - 30 seconds
Normal Value - 2.5 to 7 minutes

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21
Q

Method of Duke

Site
Normal Value

A

Site - Earlobe
Normal Value - 1 to 3 minutes

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22
Q

Prolonged results of bleeding time (BeT ni Von si TIA)

A

Bleeding Time Elevated:
Von Willebrand Disease
Thrombocytopenia
Inherited Platelet Dysfunction
Aspirin

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23
Q

Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzyme that may prevent the production of thromboxane A2 and prevent platelet aggregation

A

Aspirin

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24
Q

Capillary fragility test:

Pressure

A

80 mmHg for 5 minutes and rest for 15 minutes

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25
Q

Positive CFT and its cause (TV)

A

> 20 petechiae caused by Thrombocytopenia and Vascular Disorders

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26
Q

Small bruises found on the skin and is an indication of escape of blood from the capillaries

A

Petechiae

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27
Q

How many mL of blood should be obtained for clot retraction time? When to inspect for clot?

A

2 mL, inspect at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours AFTER clotting

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28
Q

Clot retraction is a function of

A

microfilaments– thrombasthenin

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29
Q

Quantitative platelets disorder under thrombocytopenia:

corresponds to problems in the bone marrow

A

Decreased platelet production

30
Q

Conditions where there is a decrease in platelet production

A

Congenital hypoplasia: Fanconi
Acquired-drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, infiltration of BM by malignant cells, ineffective thrombopoiesis (platelet shedding), viral infections

31
Q

Quantitative platelets disorder under thrombocytopenia:

immunologic or drug induced

A

decreased platelet survival

32
Q

Conditions where there is decreased platelet survival

A

Idiopathic Thombocytopenic purpura
Quinine
Post tranfusion purpura

33
Q

anti-malarial drug that is allowing your body to produce antibodies towards the drug that mimics antigens in your platelets will results to lysis

A

quinine

34
Q

Quantitative Platelet Disorder under Thrombocytopenia:

Splenomegaly (1/3 splenic pool)

A

Increased splenic sequestration

35
Q

Quantitative Platelet Disorder under Thrombocytopenia:

Multiple transfusion because stored blood contains nonviable, dysfunctional platelets

A

Dilution of PLT count

36
Q

Thrombocytosis is due to (MIS)

A

Myeloproliferative disorders
Infection (septic)
Splenectomy

37
Q

Platelet adhesion defects

A

Bernard-soulier syndrome
Von willebrand’s disease

38
Q

Autosomal recessive trait characterized by absence of DP Ib that is detected by in vitro aggregation test of platelets

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

39
Q

Aggregation test of platelets is detected using what device

A

aggregometer

40
Q

Autosomal recessive trait characterized by decreased or absence of GP IIb/IIIa

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

41
Q

Platelet aggregation normal with ADP, epinephrine, collagen but abnormal with ristocetin

A

Bernard-soulier syndrome

42
Q

Normal response only on ristocetin but abnormal with adp, epinephrine, collagen

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

43
Q

Cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitor thus causing a defect in PLT aggregation.

A

Aspirin ingestion

44
Q

Positive with vWD and BSS

A

ADP
collagen
epinephrine
arachidonic acid

45
Q

Negative with vWD and BSS

A

Ristocetin

46
Q

Postive for vWD but negative for BSS

A

Ristocetin + VWF

47
Q

Platelet secretion defects

A

Gray platelet syndrome
Storage pool disorder

48
Q

Absence of alpha granules. Platelets appear gray in wright stained smears.

A

Gray platelet syndrome

49
Q

Diminished delta granules or dense bodies.

A

Storage pool disorder

50
Q

Characterized by enlarged lysosomal vesicle in blood cells

A

chediak higashi syndrome

51
Q

Autosomal recessive albanism

A

Hermanky-pudlak syndrome

51
Q

X-linked recessive disease characterized by a triad of eczema, immune deficiency and thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-aldrich syndrome

52
Q

Auto-immune disorders (like immune thrombocytopenic purpura) characterized by low platelet count but high MPV (mean platelet volume)

A

Giant platelet disorders

53
Q

Giant platelet disorders are caused by

A

glycoprotein abnormalities: BSS
alpha granules defect: gray platelet syndrome

54
Q

Abnormal neutrophil inclusions

A

May Hegglin anomaly (MYH9 gene): Giant platelets, dohle bodies in WBC

55
Q

Rare congenital bleeding disorder that is due to a defect in a platelet mechanism required for blood coagulation

A

scott syndome

56
Q

Provides a binding site for plasma protein complexes that are involved in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

Phosphatidylserine (PS)

57
Q

plasma protein complexes involved in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

Factor VIIIa-IXa (tenase) and Factor Va- Xa (promthrombinase)

58
Q

Presence of bruising in the skin

A

Purpura

59
Q

Hereditary vascular disorders

A

Hereditary Hemorrhagic telangectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber Syndrome)

Ehler-Danlos syndrome

60
Q

Missing elastin in the surrounding stroma of blood vessel

A

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome

61
Q

X-linked trait ascribed by defect in collagen production

A

Ehler-danlos syndrome

62
Q

Characterized by normal bleeding and increased cft

A

Rendu-osler-weber

63
Q

Characterized by prolonged bleeding time and cft

A

ehler-danolos syndrome

64
Q

Acquired vascular disorders

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Senile purpura
Scurvy
Infections

65
Q

Allergic purpura. Vasculitis mediated by immune complexes containing IgA antibodies

A

Henoch-schonlein purpura

66
Q

Common in elderly men due to lack of collagen support from small blood vessel and loss of subcutaneous fat and elastic fibers

A

Senile purpura

67
Q

Decreased synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid due to ascorbic acid (Vit C) deficiency.

A

Scurvy

68
Q

Infections leading to acquired vascular disorders

A

meningococcemia
rickettsial infections
staphylococcal infections (endotoxin)

69
Q
A

Hema 2 (4 decks)

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