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Hema 2 > Megakaryopoiesis > Flashcards

Megakaryopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

defined as a method for controlling infection in which all blood and certain body fluids are treated as if infected with hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other disease-producing blood borne pathogens

A

universal precautions

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2
Q

Its exposure to blood and other body fluids must be prevented

A

skin and mucous membranes

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3
Q

Worn when there is any possibility of coming in contact with blood or other body fluids

A

gloves; gowns

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4
Q

Gloves must be disposed in ________.

A

biohazardous waste

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5
Q

Must be worn if there is a possibility of droplets or spattering of the blood or body fluid.

A

masks and protective eyewear (goggles) or face shields

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6
Q

Alternative to goggles or face shields

A

pexiglas shields

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7
Q

sharps

A

red

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8
Q

infectious waste

A

yellow

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9
Q

biodegradable

A

green, black

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10
Q

non-biodegradable

A

orange

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11
Q

radioactive

A

orange

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12
Q

Any skin surfaces that become contaminated with blood or body fluids should be ________.

A

washed immediately

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13
Q

All specimens for centrifugation must be centrifuged in a _______.

A

closed tube

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14
Q

All pipetting must be carried out using ________.

A

mechanical pipet devices

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15
Q

The appropriate germicide

A

10% Clorox (Sodium Hypochlorite)

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16
Q

Decontamination of work benches should be done …

A

when work is completed, at least once per shift

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17
Q

Important in helping diagnose bleeding disorders

A

platelet counts

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18
Q

2 main functions of platelets and megakaryopoiesis

A
  1. hemostasis
  2. maintaining capillary integrity
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19
Q

Normal range of platelets

A

150,000-450,000/ mm^3 or 150 450 x10^3/mm^3

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20
Q

largest hemotopietic stem cell in the bone marrow

A

megakaryocyte

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21
Q

a process whereby the nuclear material reduplicates but the nucleus does not divide

A

endomitosis

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22
Q

where platelets arise

A

megakaryocytes

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23
Q

Carrier of CD34

A

Burst forming unit (BFU-Meg)
Colony forming unit (CFU-Meg)
Light density cfu (LD-CFU-Meg)

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24
Q

Megakaryocitic stages perform the process of Endomitosis (Cell division without telophase)

A

Terminal differentiation

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25
Q

Carrier of CD42

A
  1. MK-I or Megakaryoblast
  2. MK-II or Promegakaryocyte
  3. MK-III or Megakaryocyte
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26
Q

Megakaryocyte if further classified into

A

granular and mature

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27
Q

Differentiation to progenitors

A

TPO +
IL-3 +

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28
Q

Differentation to megakaryocytes

A

TPO +
IL-3 +
IL-11 +

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29
Q

Late maturation

A

TPO +
IL-6 +
IL-11 +

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30
Q

Thrombocytopoiesis

A

IL-6 +
IL-11 +

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31
Q

Diameter of megakaryoblast

A

20-50

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32
Q

Cytoplasm: non granular, blue, darker than myeoblast, with small, blunt pseudopods

A

Megakaryoblast

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33
Q

Nucleus: Round, oval, multiple Nucleoli

A

Megakaryoblast

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34
Q

N/C ratio of megakaryoblast

A

10:1

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35
Q

Diameter of promegakaryocyte

A

20-60 um

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36
Q

Cytoplasm: More abundant, less basophilic, granules begin to form

A

promegakaryocyte

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37
Q

Nucleus: Multiple nucleoli are visible, regular in shape, may show lobulation

A

Promegakaryocyte

38
Q

N/C ratio of promegakaryocyte

A

4:1 to 7:1

39
Q

Diameter of granular megakaryocyte

A

30-90 um

40
Q

Cytoplasm: Abundant, Pinkish-Blue in color. Very
fine and diffusely granular

A

granular megakaryocyte

41
Q

Nucleus: Multiple nuclei or may show multi-lobulation, Chromatin is coarser. No
nucleoli are visible

A

Granular megakaryocyte

42
Q

N/C ratio of Granular megakaryocyte

A

2:1 to 1:1

43
Q

Diameter of mature megakaryocyte

A

40-120 um

44
Q

largest cell in the bone marrow

A

mature megakaryocyte

45
Q

Cytoplasm: Contains Coarse clumps of granules
aggregating into little bundles, which bud off from the periphery to
become platelets

A

mature megakaryocyte

46
Q

Nucleus: multilobulated. no nucleoli visible

A

mature megakaryocyte

47
Q

N/C ratio of mature megakaryocyte

A

<1:1

48
Q

cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocyte that is 2-4 um ni diameter

A

platelets (thrombocytes)

49
Q

Cytoplasm: very granular, Light blue to purple

A

thrombocytes

50
Q

how many days do platelets survive

A

7-10 days

51
Q

2/3 of platelet population (in blood vessels)

A

circulating pool

52
Q

1/3 platelet population (in spleen)

A

splenic platelet pool

53
Q

Anatomical parts (PSOM)

A

peripheral, sol-gel (structural), organelle, membranous

54
Q

Normal function of platelets

A

> 100,000 uL

55
Q

Hemorrhage in platelets

A

<10,000 uL

56
Q

Factors involved for secondary hemostasis

A

V and II

57
Q

Proteins for the proper maintenance of hemostasis

A

GP Ib and IIb/IIIa

58
Q

Composed of the membranes responsible for platelet adhesion and aggregations (glycoproteins)

A

Peripheral zone

59
Q

Attachment of platelet to blood vessel surface

A

adhesion

60
Q

attachment of platelets to each other

A

aggregation

61
Q

outer portion of peripheral zone

A

glycocalyx

62
Q

receptor for vWf. responsible for platelet adhesion

A

GP Ib

63
Q

Receptor for fibrinogen. responsible for platelet aggregation

A

GP IIb/IIIa

64
Q

lipid bilayer (phospholipid component: PF3)

A

plasma membrane

65
Q

Composed of the microfilaments and microtubules

A

Sol Gel Zone

66
Q

Composed of actin and myosin which are proteins responsible for creating the contractile protein actomyosin (thrombasthenin)

A

microfilaments

67
Q

important for clot retraction

A

thrombasthenin

68
Q

composed of protein tubulin that maintains the shape of platelets

A

microtubules

69
Q

composed of the mitochondira, alpha granules, dense bodies (delta granules)

A

organelle zone

70
Q

alpha granules per cell

A

50-80

71
Q

granules that contain Platelet factor 4, B thromboglobulin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, Platelet derived growth factor, von
willebrand factor, and Factor V

A

alpha granules

72
Q

granules that contain adp, atp, serotonin, Ca2+ and Mg2+

A

delta granules

73
Q

How many delta granules per cell?

A

2-7

74
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum that sequesters calcium for platelet activation

A

dense tubular system

75
Q

Invaginations of the plasma membrane for release of granule content during platelet activation

A

open canalicular system (surface connecting system)

76
Q

Inhibits heparin; chemotactic; promotes smooth muscle growth for vessel repair

A

B-thromboglobulin

77
Q

Inhibits heparin

A

Platelet factor 4

78
Q

Promotes smooth muscle growth; involved in atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism

A

platelet-derived growth factor

79
Q

promotes platelet-to-platelet interaction; mediates cel-to-cell interaction

A

thrombospondin

80
Q

once activated complexes with Xa to convert prothrombin to thrombin

A

Factor V

81
Q

fibrin formation

A

fibrinogen

82
Q

promotes platelet adhesion

A

vWF

83
Q

Cofactor in fibrin formation

A

Factor V and VIII

84
Q

Cellular adhesion molecule; promotes platelet spreading

A

fibronectin

85
Q

activation of the intrinsic pathway via contact

A

high-molecular-weight kininogen

86
Q

precursor to plasminl functions in fibrinolysis

A

plasminogen

87
Q

promotes platelet aggregation

A

adp

88
Q

primary and secondary messenger regulates platelet activation/aggregation

A

calcium

89
Q

promotes vasoconstriction

A

serotonin

90
Q
A

Hema 2 (4 decks)

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