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Geology > Plate Tectonics, Rocks, and Contours Review > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics, Rocks, and Contours Review Flashcards

0
Q

What is a convergent boundary?

A

Two plates move together destroying crust.

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1
Q

What is a divergent boundary?

A

Two plates move apart creating crust.

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2
Q

What is a transform fault?

A

Cracks along an ocean ridge that allow the crust to slide.

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3
Q

What is a transform boundary?

A

Rocks slide past each other. No rock is destroyed nor created. A.K.A: Strike-slip boundary.

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4
Q

What are the geological events that occur at a divergent boundary?

A

Earthquakes
Volcanoes
New ocean floor
Mid-ocean ridge

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5
Q

What are the geological events that occur at a convergent boundary between ocean and continental crust?

A 
Earthquakes
Deep earthquakes
Volcanoes
Mountains
Trenches
Subduction
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6
Q

What are the geological events that occur at a convergent boundary between ocean and ocean crust?

A 
Earthquakes
Deep earthquakes
Volcanoes
Trenches
Subduction
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7
Q

What are the geological events that occur at a convergent boundary between continental and continental crust?

A

Earthquakes

Mountains

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8
Q

What are the geological events that occur at a transform boundary?

A

Earthquakes

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9
Q

Define “tectonic plates”

A

Large chunks of rock that float on the mantle.

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10
Q

What is continental drift?

A

A theory proposed by Alfred Wegener, stating that the continents are moving.

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11
Q

What evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?

A

Glossopteris fossils
Coal deposits
Glaciers
Rocks and mountain chains

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12
Q

What is glossopteris?

A

A fossil of a plant that had seeds to heavy to be carried by the wind and too fragile to float across the ocean. This was part of Wegener’s proof for continental drift.

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13
Q

What is a mid-ocean ridge?

A

An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary.

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14
Q

What is continental crust?

A

The fluffy, thick crust which is less dense than the ocean crust. Continental crust can be compared to a birthday cake.

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15
Q

What is ocean crust?

A

The dense, thin crust which is more dense than the continental crust. Oceanic crust can be compared to a brownie.

16
Q

What is a deep-ocean trench?

A

A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle.

17
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface.

18
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface.

19
Q

What is a mountain?

A

Mountains are formed by the folding, faulting, or upwarping of the Earth’s surface due to the movement of plates or by the emplacement of volcanic rock onto the surface.

20
Q

What is subduction?

A

The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

21
Q

Igneous rock

A

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.

22
Q

What are the 2 types of igneous rocks and how are they formed?

A

Extrusive-formed from lava

Intrusive-formed from magma that cools within the Earth.

23
Q

Give some examples of igneous rocks.

A

Basalt
Granite
Obsidian

24
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.

25
Q

What is a sediment?

A

A particle of a rock created by weathering: wing, moving water, ice

27
Q

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks and how are they formed?

A

Organic-from the remains of once living things
Clastic-made from fragments of other rocks
Chemical-left behind with evaporation

28
Q

What are examples of organic sedimentary rock?

A

Limestone

Coal

29
Q

What are examples of clastic sedimentary rock?

A

Sandstone

Shale

30
Q

What are examples of chemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Rock salt

31
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

A rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

32
Q

Give examples of metamorphic rock.

A

Marble
Slate
Gneiss
Schist

33
Q

What are the 4 properties of a mineral?

A

Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Definite chemical composition
Crystal structure

34
Q

Define weathering

A

The breaking down of rocks cause by water, acids, plants, heating and cooling.

35
Q

Define erosion

A

The removal of weathered rock. Caused by ice, water, gravity, and wind.

36
Q

How do minerals form?

A

From cooling magma.
Slow cooling=large crystals
Fast cooling=small crystals

37
Q

What is a rock?

A

A solid substance composed of more than 1 type of mineral.

38
Q

How do you determine a rock’s type?

A

A rock’s type is determined by the process that created it.

Geology (5 decks)

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