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Year 10 Geography 🌸 > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the crust?

A

The solid layer of rock on the surface of the earth, it varies thickness from 3-30 miles

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2
Q

What is the mantle?

A

The semi liquid layer of magma and molten rock that moves due to convection currents

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3
Q

What is the outer core?

A

The liquid portion of the core which has a similar composition to the inner core

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4
Q

What is the inner core?

A

The solid part at the centre of the earth it is made of iron and nickel name reaches temperatures of 5,500 degrees celsius

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5
Q

What are the seven main tectonic plates?

A

Eurasian Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, African Plate, Pacific Plate and Antartican Plate

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6
Q

What is the crust made up of?

A

Seven large sections and various smaller ones

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7
Q

What causes convection currents?

A

The heat from the inner core boils the mantle and moves the crust above them

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8
Q

How do convection currents move?

A

They rise and fall as they cool

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9
Q

Fill the blank: ‘Convection Currents move in ____________’

A

Cells

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10
Q

What is an example of a constructive plate boundary?

A

The Eurasian and North American plate boundary

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11
Q

What occurs at a constructive boundary?

A

Volcanoes

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12
Q

What is happening at a constructive boundary?

A

The plates are moving away from each other

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13
Q

What happens at a destructive plate boundary?

A

One plate subducts under another

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14
Q

Do volcanoes occur at destructive plate boundaries?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is an example of a destructive plate boundary?

A

The Nazca plate and the South American plate

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16
Q

What happens at a collision plate boundary?

A

Two plates crash into each other

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17
Q

What occurs at a collision boundary?

A

Fold mountains and earthquakes

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18
Q

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

A

Two plates pass by eachother

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19
Q

What is an example of fold mountains?

A

The Himalayas

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20
Q

What is an example of a collision plate boundary?

A

Where the Eurasian and indo-Australian plate meet

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21
Q

What occurs at a conservative plate boundary?

A

Earthquakes and volcanoes

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22
Q

What is a volcano?

A

An opening or culture in the earth’s surface that allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface

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23
Q

What is the main vent?

A

The opening for the magma to go up through the volcano

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24
Q

What is a magma chamber?

A

The source of molten rock

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25
What is the crater?
The circular basin shale on top of the volcano
26
What is the secondary/side vent?
A secondary vent formed in the side of the mountain
27
What is a volcanic bomb?
Airborne material from a volcanic esplosion
28
What is an active volcano?
A volcano that could erupt at any point
29
What is a dormant volcano?
A volcano that is sleeping
30
What is an extinct volcano?
An inactive volcqnoe
31
Why is volcanic ash dangerous?
It travels for miles, reducing visibility and settles as ashfall
32
Why is volcanic gas a danger?
It is made up of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide which is very bad for you
33
What does volcanic gas smell like?
Rotten eggs
34
What causes volcanic acid rain?
Sulfar
35
What is acid rain dangerous to?
Plant, animal and human life
36
What is Lahar?
Mudflow that comes from a volcano
37
Why is lahar dangerous?
It contains a lot of energy and goes very fast
38
What is pyroclastic flow?
Floods of gas, lava and rock that rush down the volcano after an eruption
39
Why is pyroclastic flow dangerous?
They have hot gases and are moving at a very high speed
40
What is lava flow?
Thick molten rock that travels long distances before solidifying
41
What does lava eventually lead to once weathered?
Fertile soil
42
What does geothermal energy do to energy costs?
It massively reduces them
43
What does a spectrometer do?
Measures the amount of sulphur dioxide gas emitted by a volcano
44
What does a seismometer do?
Measures the movement of magma
45
What does a tiltmeter/geodimeter do?
Measures changes in shape of the volcano
46
What happens to the water temperature in lakes and ponds before an eruption?
It increases
47
What is an earthquake?
A vibration of the earth’s crust caused by movement at plate boundaries and major fault line
48
Where do the most severe earthquakes occur?
At conservative and destructive boundaries
49
What is the focus point?
Where the seismic waves begin
50
What is the epicentre?
Directly above the focus on the earth’s surface. This is where the damage is greatest
51
What does the Richter scale measure?
The magnitude of the earthquake
52
How strong is a Richter scale 1 earthquake (ie. How much damage)
You wouldn’t even notice it
53
How many times stronger than 1 is a Richter scale 2 earthquake?
30x
54
How many times stronger than 2 is Richter Scale 3 earthquakes?
30x
55
What damage would a Richter scale 5 earthquake cause?
Breaks windows
56
How much damage does a Richter scale 6 earthquake cause?
Damages buildings
57
How much damage does a Richter scale 7 earthquake cause?
Major catastrophe
58
What is the highest earthquake ever recorded?
9.5
59
Why do earthquakes happen?
Plates slide and very quickly release tension
60
Where is a constructive plate boundary?
Between the North American and Eurasian plates
61
What is an example of a destructive plate boundary?
Between the Nazca and South American Plates
62
What is an example of a collision plate boundary?
Between the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates
63
What is an example of a conservative boundary?
Between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate
64
What factors can affect earthquake damage?
Size of the earthquake, physical landscape, time of day, building design and construction, emergency service response, GDP and education
65
What are some factors that can help earthquake-proof a building?
Rolling weights to counteract the shock waves, open assembly points, rubber shock absorbers, deep foundations and shutters that come down over windows
66
What are the 3ps to prevent earthquake damage?
Plan, protect, predict

Year 10 Geography 🌸 (6 decks)

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