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Year 10 Geography 🌸 > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the crust?

A

The solid layer of rock on the surface of the earth, it varies thickness from 3-30 miles

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2
Q

What is the mantle?

A

The semi liquid layer of magma and molten rock that moves due to convection currents

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3
Q

What is the outer core?

A

The liquid portion of the core which has a similar composition to the inner core

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4
Q

What is the inner core?

A

The solid part at the centre of the earth it is made of iron and nickel name reaches temperatures of 5,500 degrees celsius

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5
Q

What are the seven main tectonic plates?

A

Eurasian Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, African Plate, Pacific Plate and Antartican Plate

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6
Q

What is the crust made up of?

A

Seven large sections and various smaller ones

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7
Q

What causes convection currents?

A

The heat from the inner core boils the mantle and moves the crust above them

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8
Q

How do convection currents move?

A

They rise and fall as they cool

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9
Q

Fill the blank: ‘Convection Currents move in ____________’

A

Cells

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10
Q

What is an example of a constructive plate boundary?

A

The Eurasian and North American plate boundary

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11
Q

What occurs at a constructive boundary?

A

Volcanoes

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12
Q

What is happening at a constructive boundary?

A

The plates are moving away from each other

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13
Q

What happens at a destructive plate boundary?

A

One plate subducts under another

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14
Q

Do volcanoes occur at destructive plate boundaries?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is an example of a destructive plate boundary?

A

The Nazca plate and the South American plate

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16
Q

What happens at a collision plate boundary?

A

Two plates crash into each other

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17
Q

What occurs at a collision boundary?

A

Fold mountains and earthquakes

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18
Q

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

A

Two plates pass by eachother

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19
Q

What is an example of fold mountains?

A

The Himalayas

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20
Q

What is an example of a collision plate boundary?

A

Where the Eurasian and indo-Australian plate meet

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21
Q

What occurs at a conservative plate boundary?

A

Earthquakes and volcanoes

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22
Q

What is a volcano?

A

An opening or culture in the earth’s surface that allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface

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23
Q

What is the main vent?

A

The opening for the magma to go up through the volcano

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24
Q

What is a magma chamber?

A

The source of molten rock

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25
Q

What is the crater?

A

The circular basin shale on top of the volcano

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26
Q

What is the secondary/side vent?

A

A secondary vent formed in the side of the mountain

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27
Q

What is a volcanic bomb?

A

Airborne material from a volcanic esplosion

28
Q

What is an active volcano?

A

A volcano that could erupt at any point

29
Q

What is a dormant volcano?

A

A volcano that is sleeping

30
Q

What is an extinct volcano?

A

An inactive volcqnoe

31
Q

Why is volcanic ash dangerous?

A

It travels for miles, reducing visibility and settles as ashfall

32
Q

Why is volcanic gas a danger?

A

It is made up of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide which is very bad for you

33
Q

What does volcanic gas smell like?

A

Rotten eggs

34
Q

What causes volcanic acid rain?

A

Sulfar

35
Q

What is acid rain dangerous to?

A

Plant, animal and human life

36
Q

What is Lahar?

A

Mudflow that comes from a volcano

37
Q

Why is lahar dangerous?

A

It contains a lot of energy and goes very fast

38
Q

What is pyroclastic flow?

A

Floods of gas, lava and rock that rush down the volcano after an eruption

39
Q

Why is pyroclastic flow dangerous?

A

They have hot gases and are moving at a very high speed

40
Q

What is lava flow?

A

Thick molten rock that travels long distances before solidifying

41
Q

What does lava eventually lead to once weathered?

A

Fertile soil

42
Q

What does geothermal energy do to energy costs?

A

It massively reduces them

43
Q

What does a spectrometer do?

A

Measures the amount of sulphur dioxide gas emitted by a volcano

44
Q

What does a seismometer do?

A

Measures the movement of magma

45
Q

What does a tiltmeter/geodimeter do?

A

Measures changes in shape of the volcano

46
Q

What happens to the water temperature in lakes and ponds before an eruption?

A

It increases

47
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

A vibration of the earth’s crust caused by movement at plate boundaries and major fault line

48
Q

Where do the most severe earthquakes occur?

A

At conservative and destructive boundaries

49
Q

What is the focus point?

A

Where the seismic waves begin

50
Q

What is the epicentre?

A

Directly above the focus on the earth’s surface. This is where the damage is greatest

51
Q

What does the Richter scale measure?

A

The magnitude of the earthquake

52
Q

How strong is a Richter scale 1 earthquake (ie. How much damage)

A

You wouldn’t even notice it

53
Q

How many times stronger than 1 is a Richter scale 2 earthquake?

A

30x

54
Q

How many times stronger than 2 is Richter Scale 3 earthquakes?

A

30x

55
Q

What damage would a Richter scale 5 earthquake cause?

A

Breaks windows

56
Q

How much damage does a Richter scale 6 earthquake cause?

A

Damages buildings

57
Q

How much damage does a Richter scale 7 earthquake cause?

A

Major catastrophe

58
Q

What is the highest earthquake ever recorded?

A

9.5

59
Q

Why do earthquakes happen?

A

Plates slide and very quickly release tension

60
Q

Where is a constructive plate boundary?

A

Between the North American and Eurasian plates

61
Q

What is an example of a destructive plate boundary?

A

Between the Nazca and South American Plates

62
Q

What is an example of a collision plate boundary?

A

Between the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates

63
Q

What is an example of a conservative boundary?

A

Between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate

64
Q

What factors can affect earthquake damage?

A

Size of the earthquake, physical landscape, time of day, building design and construction, emergency service response, GDP and education

65
Q

What are some factors that can help earthquake-proof a building?

A

Rolling weights to counteract the shock waves, open assembly points, rubber shock absorbers, deep foundations and shutters that come down over windows

66
Q

What are the 3ps to prevent earthquake damage?

A

Plan, protect, predict

Year 10 Geography 🌸 (4 decks)

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