Plastics Flashcards
abrasive (adj)
→ abrasive (n)
→ abrasion
An abrasive material is used to cut, grind or polish softer materials.
abreibend, abschleifend
(auch: aggressiv, grob)
→ Schleif- / Strahlmittel
→ Abrieb, Abschliff
to account for
(Packaging accounts for almost a third of all plastic consumption.)
beitragen zu, etw. ausweisen
acid
→ acid-proof
→ acid rain
An acid is a substance which can
damage the surface of materials.
Some plastics are acid-proof.
Säure
säurebeständig, säurefest
→ wasserdicht, imprägniert
saurer Regen
to age
→ ageing
UV radiation makes plastic age
faster.
altern
→ Alterungsprozess
aluminium (Al)
→ aluminum (Am.Engl.)
Aluminium is widely used, often in alloy forms
Aluminium
alloy
→ to alloy
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture containing two or more metallic
elements.
Legierung, Beisatz
→ legieren
appliance
→ household appliance
Plastics are used in the
production of a wide range of
household appliances.
Gerät, Vorrichtung
→ Haushaltsgerät
artificial material
(Plastic is an artificial material,
often made from oil)
künstliches Material
bacteria (pl., rarely in the sg:
bacterium)
Bacteria are single cell
microorganisms.
Bakterien
brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Trumpets and saxophones are brass instruments
Messing
brittle
→ brittleness
Glass has to be handled carefully
because it is extremely brittle.
brüchig, spröde
→ Brüchigkeit, Sprödigkeit
capability
→ capable of
→ to be capable of doing sth
Some materials have the
capability of returning to their
original shape after deformation
Fähigkeit, Befähigung
→ fähig, imstande
→ fähig, imstande sein etw. zu tun
ceramic material
→ ceramics
A ceramic material is an inorganic,
non-metallic material.
keramisches Material
→ Keramik
coating
→ to coat sth with
Cables have a PVC coating for
mechanical protection.
Belag, Beschichtung,
→ mit etw beschichten
component [kəm’poʊnənt]
A machine consists of many
components.
Bauelement, Bestandteil
conductive
→ conductivity
→ to conduct
Copper is a very conductive
material.
leitfähig
→ Leitfähigkeit
→ leiten
to consist of sth
Steel consists of iron and carbon.
aus etw. bestehen, s. aus etw.
zusammensetzten
consumption
→ consumer
→ to consume
The chart represents the
consumption of plastic by type
Verbrauch
→ Konsument
→ verbrauchen, konsumieren
copper (Cu)
Copper conducts well; that is why it
is used in wires and cables
Kupfer
corrosion (noun)
→ corrosive (adj)
→ corrosive (n)
Corrosion is caused by oxidation or
chemical action.
Korrosion
→ ätzend, zersetzend
→ Ätzstoff / Korrosionsmittel
cost-efficient
≠ rentable
Taken over their lifetime,
plastics are cost-efficient.
rentabel, kostengünstig
≠ mietbar
degradation
→ chemical degradation
→ biodegradable
Chemical degradation is the
separation of a chemical
compound into smaller units.
Organic material is
biodegradable.
Abbau, Zersetzung, auch:
Verschlechterung
→ chemischer Abbau
→ biologisch abbaubar
density
→ denseMathematically, density is
defined as mass divided by
volume: p=m/V
(Massen- / Raum-)Dichte
→ dicht, kompakt
to disintegrate
Biodegradable plastics can
disintegrate into other natural
components
abbauen, (sich) auflösen
to distinguish between
= to differentiate between
≠ to differ from
We distinguish (differentiate)
between various categories of
plastics.
Thermosets differ from
thermoplastics in that they
cannot be recycled.
etw. unterscheiden, differenzieren
≠ sich unterscheiden, abweichen
to dispose of sth
→ disposal
→ waste disposal
Alkaline batteries can be safely
disposed of in normal
household garbage.
etw. entsorgen, beseitigen
→ Entsorgung
→ Müllabfuhr
durable
non-durable
→ durability
Plastics are durable. The resistance of materials to corrosion is called
durability.
haltbar, beständig, langlebig
nicht dauerhaft
→ Haltbarkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit
ferrous metals
non-ferrous metals
Ferrous metals contain iron
whereas non-ferrous metals do not contain iron.
Eisenmetalle
NE (Nichteisen-)metalle
fire-retardant (adj + noun)
→ flame-proof = fire resistant
= fire-proof
Asbestos is a fire-retardant
material.
feuerhemmend(es Mittel)
→ feuerfest, feuerbeständig
flexible
inflexible
→ flexibility
Some plastics can be very flexible
flexibel
unflexibel
→ Flexibilität, Biegbarkeit
elastic
inelastic
→ elasticity
Elastic materials return to their
original shape and size after
deformation.
elastisch
unelastisch
→ Federkraft, Dehnbarkeit
to equip
→ equipment
The robot is equipped with the
latest technology
ausrüsten, ausstatten
→ Ausstattung, Ausrüstung
to expect
→ expectancy
→ expected (useful) life
Products which have an
expected life of more than
three years are known as
durables.
erwarten, annehmen
→ Erwartung
→ erwartete Nutzungs-/ Lebensdauer
fatigue
→ fatigue resistance
Fatigue resistance is the ability of a material to withstand repeated and varying strain.
Alterung, (Material-)Ermüdung
→ Dauerfestigkeit,
Ermüdungsbeständigkeit
feature = property
The features of a material are
important for the design of a
product.
Merkmal, Eigenschaft
hard
→ hardness
→ to harden
The resistance of materials to
abrasion and cutting is called
hardness.
fest, hart
→ Härte
→ aushärten
impact
→ impact resistance
If a material does not shatter on
impact, it has high impact
resistance
Aufschlag, Aufprall
auch: Auswirkung, Bedeutung
→ Schlagfestigkeit, -beständigkeit
hazardous
→ hazard
Emissions of some plastics can be hazardous.
gefährlich, riskant
→ Gefahr, Risiko
impermeable
permeable
Cling foil is impermeable to water and protects food against
undurchlässig
durchlässig
inflammable
non-flammable
Kerosene is a highly inflammable fuel
brennbar, entzündbar, leicht entzündlich
nicht brennbar
iron (Fe)
Iron is manufactured into steel
Eisen
insulation
→ to insulate
≠ to isolate
Some plastics are very good
electrical insulators and
therefore used for insulation.
(Wärme-, Strom- etc.)Isolierung
→ (ab-)isolieren
≠ trennen, absondern
to join
If you join two or more things
they are connected or fastened
together.
verbinden
layer
A thin layer of zinc protects steel.
Schicht
man-made
Plastic is a type of synthetic or
man-made polymer.
künstlich hergestellt
materials science
Materials science is an important subject for engineering students
Werkstoffkunde
to melt, melted, melted
(molten)
The melting point is the
temperature at which a solid
schmelzen
metal
→ metallic (adj)
Gold is a noble metal.
Metall
→ metallisch
mercury = quicksilver (Hg)
Mercury is a liquid metal.
Quecksilber
molten
→ to melt (melted, melted)
Lego bricks are made from
molten plastic.
geschmolzen, schmelzflüssig
→ schmelzen, flüssig machen, auftauen
to modify
→ modification
If you add certain chemicals,
you will modify the type of
plastic.
ändern
→ Änderung
to mould / to mold (AE)
→ mo(u)ldable
→ a mould
→ compression moulding
→ injection moulding
Compression moulding and
injection moulding are two
options of moulding an object.
formen, modellieren, formpressen,
formspritzen
→ formbar
→ Gussform, Spritzform
→ Formpressen
→ Spritzguss
organic
inorganic
Chemistry deals with organic and
inorganic materials.
organisch
anorganisch
oxygen
→ oxide
→ oxidation
→ to oxidize
Oxygen is a colourless gas.
Sauerstoff
→ Oxid, Sauerstoffverbindung
→ Oxidierung Oxidation
→ oxidieren
packaging
Packaging protects products
from damage.
Verpackung, Packmaterial
plastic (noun, often used in pl)
→ plastic (adj)
→ granules of plastic
→ plasticity
→ plasticizer
Plastics are used for a variety
of products.
Plasticizers are additives that
make materials more flexible.
Kunststoff, Plastik
→ formbar, knetbar
→ Kunststoffgranulat
→ Plastizität
→ Weichmacher
plastics:
→ elastomer
→ thermoplastic
→ thermosetting plastic
An elastomer is an elastic material
that can stretch.
A thermoplastic is a polymer that turns to liquid when heated. A thermosetting plastic is a polymer that cannot be recycled
Polymere, Kunststoffe, Plastik:
→ Elastomer
→ thermoplastischer Kunststoff, nicht
härtender Kunststoff
→ Duroplaste, warm gehärteter Kunststoff
property
Properties are characteristic
features, e.g. of materials.
Eigentum, hier:
Beschaffenheit, Eigenschaft
precious metal = noble metal
Platinum is a precious metal.
Edelmetall
raw material
We will be able to use other
raw materials in the future
Rohstoff, Ausgangsmaterial
to reinforce
→ reinforced
Carbon fibres can be used to
reinforce plastic
verstärken
→ verstärkt
to replace sth/sb by/with sth
Many scarce materials are
replaced by plastics
etw./jdn. ersetzen durch
to represent
This chart represents the use of
plastics by sector.
abbilden, darstellen
resistance
→ resistant to
→ (water, heat etc.)
→ to resist sth
Resistance is the ability not to be
affected by something, especially
negatively.
Stainless steel is resistant to
corrosion.
Widerstandsfähigkeit, Resistenz
→ beständig, widerstandsfähig
→ (wasser,- hitze-)beständig
→ → etw. widerstehen, standhalten
silicon (Si) [‘sɪləkən]
≠ silicone [‘sɪləkəun]
Silicon is an element that can be
heated to high temperatures to
make glass
Silizium
≠ Silikon
rigid
→ rigidity
A rigid material will resist to
bending.
starr, steif, unbeugsam
→ Festigkeit, Steife, Härte
states of matter (=
aggregation):
* solid
→ to solidify
* liquid
→ to liquefy
* gaseous
→ to gasify
* plasma
The states of matter are: solid,
liquid, gaseous, or plasma
Aggregatzustände
* fest
→ fest werden
* flüssig
→ verflüssigen
* gasförmig
→ zu Gas werden
* plasmaförmig
steel
→ stainless stee
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
Stahl
→ Edelstahl, rostfreier Stahl
stiff
→ stiffness
Stiff materials are ideal for building solid constructions.
schwergängig, unbiegsam
→ Formfestigkeit, Biegesteifigkeit
to stretch
→ stretchable
If you pull an elastic material, it will stretch.
dehnen
→ dehnbar
synthetic
→ synthetic granules /
granulate
Plastic is a type of synthetic or
man-made polymer
künstlich, synthetisch
→ Kunststoffgranulat
to tear [teər] (tore, torn)
→ tear
Paper can tear easily
reißen
→ Riss, Rissbildung
tin (Sn)
The alloy of copper and tin is called bronze.
Zinn
tough
→ toughness
A tough material, such as leather for shoes, will not wear easily
zäh, hart, belastbar
→ Zähigkeit, Härte, Belastbarkeit
transparent
→ transparency
opaque [əu‘peik]
Glass is ideal for windows because
it is transparent.
Opaque glass does not transmit or reflect light.
transparent, durchsichtig
→ Transparenz
undurchsichtig, lichtundurchlässig
versatile = multi-purpose
Plastics are versatile as they
have a lot of different
properties.
vielseitig
wear [weər]
→ to wear (wore, worn)
Durable materials are resistant to wear.
Abnutzung, Verschleiß
→ abnutzen, verschleißen
weight
light(weight)
heavy(weight)
The advantage of plastics over
traditional materials is that they
have a lower weight
Gewicht
leicht(gewichtig)
schwer(gewichtig)
wrapping
→ to wrap sth. (up)
Clear plastic wrapping allows
the customer to see the state of
the food inside
Hülle, Verpackung
→ einwickeln, umhüllen, verpacken
zinc (Zn)
→ to zinc
Coating steel with a thin layer of
zinc protects it from corrosion.
Zink
→ verzinken
