Forces in Engineering!!!!!! Flashcards
attraction repulsion
→ to attract to repel
Attraction and repulsion are dual
forces in magnetism.
Anziehung(skraft) Abstoßung
→ anziehen abstoßen
bend
→ bending force
→ to bend, bent, bent
As a result of the bending force,
the lower part of a bridge deck is
in tension, and the upper part is in
compression.
Biegung, Krümmung, Knick
→ Biegekraft
→ biegen, beugen, abknicken,
krümmen
buoyancy [‘boiənsi]
In physics, buoyancy is the
upward force exerted by a fluid
(hydrostatische) Auftriebskraft,
Schwimmfähigkeit
compression
→ compressive (adj)
→ compressive strength
Compressive strength is the
capacity of a material to
withstand pushing forces or
compression
Druckkraft/Kompression
→ Druck-
→ Druckfestigkeit, Druckbelastbarkeit
contraction
→ to contract
When the temperature decreases,
some structures may suffer
contraction.
Kontraktion, Schrumpfen
→ schrumpfen,
(sich) zusammenziehen
counterweight
A counterweight is used in lifts
(elevators) and cranes.
Ausgleichsgewicht,
Gegengewicht
to crush
Crushing means to use force to
alter or destroy a structure
zerdrücken, zerquetschen
density
→ dense
The density of an object is
measured in kg/m
3.
Dichte
→ dicht
elasticity
→ elastic
Elasticity is the ability of a body
to stretch and return to its
original shape without
deformation.
A steel beam is not as elastic as a
wooden beam.
Dehnbarkeit/Elastizität
→ biegsam, dehnbar
edge
A square has four edges with 90°
angles.
Kante, Spitze
expansion
→ to expand
Iron structures are subject to
thermal expansion.
Ausdehnung, Expansion
→ (sich) ausdehnen, ausweiten
to extend (sth)
If a structural element is in
tension, it may extend.
(etw.) auseinanderziehen, (s.)
verlängern, auseinanderziehen
to elongate
→ elongate (adj.)
Metal has to be elongated to
make cables
strecken länglich, gestreckt
→ länglich, gestreckt
equilibrium
→ balance
→ to balance sth
If all forces are in balance, there
is an equilibrium of forces.
Gleichgewicht
→ Gleichgewicht, Ausgleich
→ etw. ausgleichen, im
Gleichgewicht halten
to fail
→ failure
When structural components can
no longer resist stress, they fail.
The failure is then due to stress.
versagen
→ Bruch, Fehler, Defekt
force
→ to apply a force
→ to exert a force
In order to lift a weight, one needs
(to apply) force.
A force is exerted on a spring.
Kraft
→ Kraft anwenden
→ Kraft ausüben
friction
→ frictional resistance
Friction between two materials
causes heat.
Reibung, Reibkraft
→ Reibungswiderstand
fulcrum [fʊlkrəm]
pivot
→ to pivot
hinge
→ to hinge
Levers are grouped into three
classes depending on the position
of the fulcrum or pivot.
Doors and windows move on
hinge
Hebelpunkt, Drehachse
Drehpunkt, Drehachse
→ drehen, drehbar lagern
Drehachse, Drehgelenk
→ etw. (in ein Drehgelenk)
einhängen
(force of) gravity,
gravitational force
→ centre of gravity
Gravity is a natural phenomenon
by which objects with mass
attract one another.
Schwerkraft, Gravitation,
Erdanziehungskraft
→ Schwerpunkt
lever [ˈliːvə]
→ leverage (effect) [ˈliːvərɪdʒ]
→ to leverage
A lever boosts the force needed to
turn an object. This mechanical
advantage is called leverage.
Hebel
→ Hebelkraft, Hebelwirkung
→ hebeln, aushebeln, in
Schwung bringen
load
Usually several loads act on
structural components.
Belastung, Last,
Beanspruchung
magnitude
A force has both magnitude and
direction; to calculate the
magnitude of a load, one must
know the direction of the load
Größe, Ausmaß, Stärke
Größenordnung
moment
→ momentum
→ to gain momentum
In most mechanics books, moment
and torque are used
synonymously
das Momentum, Impuls
→ Schwung
→ in Gang, Schwung kommen
to occur
If tensile forces are too great,
rupture will occur
auftreten, entstehen, eintreten
to resist sth
→ resistance
Bridges need to resist corrosive
effects and damage from heavy
loads.
widerstehen, aushalten
→ Widerstand
resultant
→ resultant (force)
If one has two forces acting
against each other, one subtracts
the one force from the other to
receive the resultant (force).
Resultante, Resultierende
→ resultierende Kraf
rupture
→ to rupture
Tensile strength is the ability to
withstand the weight of a load
without rupture occurring
(Ab)bruch, Reißstelle
→ (ab)reißen, brechen
shear force
→ shear strength
Scissors use shear forces to cut
paper and other materials. Shear
strength is the maximum shear
stress that can be sustained
before rupture
Scherkraft/Querkraft
→ Scherfestigkeit
strain, stress
→ to strain sth, to stress sth
Whereas stress is the effect of a
force on a component, strain is
the deformation resulting from it
Belastung, Spannung
→ etw. belasten, beanspruchen
to sustain
Cables have to sustain great
forces
aufrechterhalten, ertragen
tension
→ tensile (strength)
Tension is a pulling force which
acts along the length of a
component
Federkraft, Spannung, Zugkraft
→ Zug-(festigkeit)
torque
Torque is the tendency of a force
to rotate an object about an axis,
fulcrum, or pivot.
Drehkraft, Drehmoment
torsion, torque
→ torsional (stress)
Torsion is a twisting force
Torsion
→ Torsions(-belastung)
to wear, wore, worn
→ wear (and tear) [weə, teə]
Wear and tear is damage that
naturally occurs as materials age.
abnutzen, auch: tragen
→ Abnutzung,
Verschleiß(erscheinung)
weight
→ to weigh
In the physical sciences, the
weight of an object is the
magnitude of the force that must
be applied to an object in order to
support it in a gravitational field.
Gewicht
→ wiegen
to withstand (to sth)
The ability to withstand tensile
loads without rupture is called
tensile strength.
etw. aushalten, standhalten,
widerstehen
