plasticity + functional recovery of brain after trauma

Question 1

plasticty

Answer 1

-shaped or molded easily
-in brain: its braisn ability to adapt as a rresult of experince or learning
-can adapt functionally or physically

Question 2

infancy

Answer 2

-kids learn fast
-rapid growth in synaptic transmissions
-reach around 15,000 connectiosn between ages 2-3yrs nearly 2x as many as human brain
-we dont keep all connections

Question 3

synaptic pronning

Answer 3

-as we age:
1) rarely used connections r deleted
2) frequently used ones are strengthened
-allows r brain to have life long plasticity, where new neural connections r formed in response to new demands on the brain

Question 4

gray matter

Answer 4

-contains neuronal cell bodies
-found in outer cortex of brain

Question 5

white matter

Answer 5

-primarily consists of myelinated axons
-found closer to the center of the brain

Question 6

ao3

Draganski et al (2006)

Answer 6

-scanned the brains of medical students three months before and just after final exams
-Changes were found in the hippocampus and parietal cortex

Question 7

ao3

Negative plasticity

Answer 7

The brain’s adaptation to prolonged drugs use leads to poorer cognitive functioning in later life (Medina et al, 2007)

Question 8

ao3

Age and plasticity

Answer 8

-40 hours of golf training produced changes in neural representations of movement in participants aged 40-60

-The researchers used fMRI and observed increased motor cortex activity in the novice golfers compared to a control group

Question 9

functional recovery

Answer 9

-example of plasticity
-brains ability to redistribute or transfers functions usually formed by a damage area to another undamaged area
-

Question 10

spontaneous recovery

Answer 10

-FR can happen quickly after trauma
-this process can slow down after several weeks/months
-plasticty slows w age
- after this, redistribution therpay can be used to help indivual w/ their recovery (neurorehabilitation)

Question 11

what happens during functional recovery?

Answer 11

-brain rewire+ reoraganise istelf by forming new synaptic connections close to area of damage
-neural pathways that arent normally used to carry out specific function will activate
-neural regnation + neural reorganisation can occur thru diff egs of structural change

Question 12

ao3 support

schneider et al (2014)

Answer 12

-more time ppl w/traumatic brain injury had spent in education, greater chances of disaability free recovery
-40% those w/disability free recovery had 16yrs +education, 10% who had 12 yrs
-had to score 0 to be disability free
-collects quantitive data
-0 doesnt exclude possibility of subtle functional challenges
-retested after yr of injury

CP: FR should work for all this shows it doesnt. quantitive=not open pic

Question 13

ao3 support

Baneriee et al (2014)

Answer 13

-Treated people with a total anterior circulation stroke (TACS)
- treated w stem cells (cells that can specialise into any cell) in a medical trial
-The recovery rate for this trial was 4% higher than the typical recovery rate
-Only 5 participants were used
-The treatment was intrusive (they had to put the stem cells into the participants)
-No control group was used

Question 14

ao3 strength

neurohabilitation

Answer 14

-sucess of it=strength of fr
-the industry of axanol growth has been able to contribute to how well therapy works
-understanding of fr allows medical pros to know when to intervene

Question 15

structural chnages fr

Axonal sprouting

Answer 15

The growth of new nerve endings which connect with other, undamaged nerve cells to form new neural pathways

Question 16

structural changes fr

Denervation supersensitivity

Answer 16

Occurs when axons that do a similar job become aroused to a higher level to compensate for the ones that are lost

Question 17

structural changes fr

Recruitment of homologous areas

Answer 17

Areas on opposite sides are used so that specific tasks can still be performed