nervouse system+endocrine system Flashcards
the endocrine system
-made up of cell clusters called glands that communicate via releasing hormones into blood stream
-glands in brain recieve electrical signals from neurons +communicate w other cells by releasing hormones into blood stream
pituitary gland
-at bottom of brain
-controls release of hormones from all other glands in body
adrenal gland
-sit above kidneys
-release hormones in response to stress
-adrenal medulla=inner part+produces adrenaline
-adrenal cortex=outer part+produces cortisol
fight or flight response
-the responses to stress are: pupil dilation, ^sweat,^breathing rate, ^muscle tension, ^heart rate, decrease food digestion, decrease salivation
-involves endocrine+sympathetic strand of autonomic NS (prepares body for action)
-involves hypothalamus=cluster of neurons that sits above pituatry gland- it linkes NS to ES.
it controls the release of hormones in ES via teh PG
-neurons in the hypothalamus send electrical signals to ANS
how the F or F response occurs
1.-signals about threat in outside world r detected by somatic NS+then processed in brain
2.signals about activity of internal organs r detected by autonomic NS
3.hypothalamus decides if thres danger
4.immediate repsonse: H sends elctrical signals to sympathetic NS (autonomic NS)
5.SNS sends elctrical signals to internal organs- mainly adrenal medulla+releases adrenaline
6. it binds to receptors on target cells: heart,blood,muscles+bladder. it causes them to produce bodily reactiosn of FOFR
fast response
-releases hormone adrenaline
-kicks in immeditely
-only lasts few secs/mins
slow response
-releases hormones cortisol
-last longer
-miantains ^ bodily actiity for longer times
-eg exams
-hypothalamus releases hormones to activate pituitary gland+that releases hormones to activate adrenal cortex= releases cortisol
-binds to receptors on target cells
rest+digestion
-when stress removed the hypothalamus activates parasympathetic NS to decrease bodily activity
limitations of FOFR
-lacks pop validity +generalisability bc most of research has j studied male ppts
-it assumes ppl always respond to stress by FoF
-so ignores indivual differences
-some ppl more likely to react by freezing
beta bias research
flight or fight response
limitation
-early research was exculssively based on male animals+assumed as universal response
-shelley taylor et al (2000)-female biology has evolved to inhibit the FoFr , shift attention towards caring for offspring+forming defensive networks w other females=’tend and befriend’